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The Progress Needed For Connecting The Unconnected-Y.Z Ya’u

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Y. Z. Ya’u, CITAD

In a few weeks, the global internet community will meet at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, at the 17th Global Internet Governance Forum to deliberate on the progress more in extending meaningful connectivity to the billions of people across the world who have remained unconnected by last year. While a number of countries have made startling progress, Nigeria has beyond the statement of attention, there has been no substantive progress in connectivity the unconnected.

Throughout the year, both in the media and through direct contact, CITAD has engaged the government via its relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Communication and Digital Economy, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF), to come up with policies on community networks so as to create the space for communities to mobilize their resources and deploy community networks as a complimentary tool for bridging the connectivity gaps in the country,

Government has repeatedly stated its commitment to address the digital divide in the country. However, declaration a lone without action, cannot solve the problem. All those in the industry agree now that no one single mode of technology rollout and ownership can fit all situation in a country. This is why all countries that have succeeded in bridging their own internal digital divide have done so through the deployment of a combination of different owner types, including private, public and community ownership, to which community networks fall.

In Nigeria, as in other countries, private sector led technology rollout has failed to address the connectivity gaps as well as affordability gaps in the country, as demonstrated by figures resulting from the work of USPF that there are still about 114 clusters of communities that are either underserved or unserved and therefore experiencing connectivity challenges. The reason that the private sector cannot address this is that most of these clusters are either sparsely populated (with poor prospects for generating or even terminating tele traffic) or they are in terrains that difficult to reach, thus needing additional expenditure over and above the normal or have people who are too poor to afford the cost of connectivity. All these situations means that these communities are not profitable and thus not attractive to investors who put their money in Mobile network operators (MNOs).

It is in response to such instances of lack of profitability that global practice has developed various methods of connectivity bridging through the establishment and utilization of universal access fund. The universal access fund in Nigeria is provided in the law establishing the Universal Access Provision Find (USPF) that is funded through a special fund accruing from a profit tax of telecommunication license operators.

Although the USPF has a latitude as to how to address both connectivity and affordability gaps, it has often hoped to do that by subsidizing commercial operators rather than empowering communities to pool their resources, endowments, skills, capital to design, deploy and managed community-owned telecommunication infrastructure.

But as experience in both Nigeria and in other countries has shown that MNOs are not attracted by one off incentive from bridging authorities. Instead, they prefer a situation in which conditions are created for sustained return on investment.

Community networks not only help communities to create solutions for themselves but also create the conditions for more profits and return on investment for MNOs. This they do, first by facilitating the insertion of excluded people into the tele-traffic chain, thereby both generating and terminating traffic for the MNOs thar could otherwise have remained suppressed, thus bringing additional income streams for them. Secondly, experience has shown that one of the reasons why MNOs do not when gravitate to the one-off incentive is the cost of overall servicing of non-profitable infrastructure and sites for which the income from them is far less than the cost of maintenance. However, where are developed community networks capital exists, MNOs are able to hand over the management of their sites and infrastructure to communities to ran and manage on profit sharing basis and risk spreading. This frees the MNOs from having to spend on overhead on unperforming sites while communities are freed from investing in infrastructure. Another benefit is that by bringing these communities to cyber space, their community development potentials are enhanced through better and improved access to education, healthcare, business and entrepreneurial activities, etc and in their fuller participation in governance processes.

Government agencies are well aware of these. In meetings after meetings, both the minister and the leadership of NCC have expressed recognition of this and indicated their commitment to create the necessary framework for the seeding and sustenance of community networks. For example, in a meeting with a team from both CITAD and Association for Progressive Communications (APC) on 19 April 2021, the team of License Department of NCC not only expressed commitment but also requested CITAD to provide a background position paper on this and examples of policy frameworks from other countries. Both of these were done and delivered to them. Similarly, in a meeting with the Minister of Communication and Digital Economy later in September 2021, the Minister requested CITAD to submit to him a four pager on how to proceed with putting up a framework for community networks In Nigeria which CITAD did without delay. In December last year, when CITAD convened a consultative meeting of stakeholders of community networks, the Minister who delivered the Keynote Address through the Director-General, National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), affirmed the need for policy and ensured that such policy was going to be developed sooner.

For the past three years, CITAD has been working with over 10 different communities which are determined to establish community networks in their communities. These communities have formed platforms that have been registered as legal entities for the purposes of establishing and running community networks in their respective communities. They have also applied for licenses from NCC to operate community networks. in absence of formal policy framework of community networks licensing by the regulator, all applicants for community licenses are treated the same as applications for normal commercial telecommunication licenses. This is not only cumbersome but also too costly the communities to meet.

We have spent over a year now trying to see how communities comply with these. We have gone through these requirements with a number of organizations, including the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the Alliance for Affordable Internet as well as the Foreign and Commonwealth Development Office which has been supported the development of community networks across the globe. The overwhelming conclusion that these conditions cannot allow for the seeding of community networks and that Nigeria needs to create a category of licenses for community networks so that communities could apply, obtain, run, and manage community networks licenses like in other parts of the world.

This has the advantage that government does not have to invest funds in addressing affordability and connectivity gaps in the country.

Following this hardship, we experienced in trying to meet the current requirements, CITAD along with its partners decided to launch a signature campaign to request the relevant authorities to create a non-commercial license category as an additional tier of connectivity providers and to grant such licenses to all communities that are desirous of operate community networks and meeting certain minimum conditions. the signature campaign started last week and so far over 200 representatives of different communities from all parts of the country have appended their signature.,

In this effort, the media has an important role to play in helping to amplify the voice of the unconnected to allow them to legally address their own connect challenge by themselves. In this connection, it important that Nigeria creates category of community license as part of its commitment to address the digital divide in the country. While on their surface media has may not see connection with its work and community networks, however on reflection, it will understand how difficult it is to report news and reports in areas where there is no connectivity. In other words, addressing the connectivity gaps will enhance the practice of journalism in the country as it will open up areas that can be classified as difficult to report for the media.

The key message here is tell the government that it is in the overall national interest of the country to recognize and grant these community licenses. This should be done urgently even before the formal request by the signatories to the campaign is submitted. The Minister of Communication and Digital Economy should direct for the empaneling of a committee to develop the necessary framework for regulating and licensing of community networks while the telecommunication regulator, the NCC should move from expression of commitment to actual actioning by granting provisional licenses to communities that present their formal applications for such licenses.

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Opinion

Gov. Yusuf’s executive order extending retirement age for HoS, Kano Assembly Clerk, and others unconstitutional

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Sani Usman-DanAbdullo, a Director of Admin and General Services at the Kano State Agency for the Control of Aids, KSACA, has written to the state assembly, seeking its intervention in the
Executive Order issued by Governor Abba Yusuf.

Mr DanAbdullo, in a petition dated January 6 and addressed to Speaker of the Assembly, Jibrin Ismail Falgore, recalled that the governor had in January 2025 issued Executive Order No. 1 of 2025, extending the service period of some civil servants.

According to him, the governor extended the service year of the Head of Service, Assembly Clerk, some judicial officers, Permanent Secretaries and a host of other staff in the state health sector for 2 years after they were due for retirement as of December 2024.

The lawyer also recalled that the state assembly had enacted a law fixing the retirement of staff at 60 years of age or 35 years of service, depending on whichever comes first.

Mr DanAbdullo, therefore, asserted that the governor’s executive order was unconstitutional, “since the House has already made laws which the order seeks to alter”.

He noted that that executive order is not meant to alter, amend, modify or expand the law made by the legislature.

“This act, is, therefore, a clear violation of the principles of rule of law and separation of powers enshrined in our Constitution being not only a clear attempt to usurp the legislative powers of this Honourable House, but to contradict the existing laws already enacted by it in exercise of its powers as such,” the petition added.

While dismissing a claim that the governor issued the order in the spirit of the Doctrine of Necessity, Mr DanAbdullo said there was no justification for extending the service years of the affected retired officers since there are many competent hands with adequate qualifications to be appointed.

“And as for the staff in the health sector, they can be retained on contract arrangement in line with the existing service law of Kano State,” the petition added.

Mr DanAbdullo, therefore, warned that the provisions of the Constitution must not be subordinated to any other law, and must not be subjected to the indignity of deletion of any section or part thereof.

“In view of the foregoing, I urge this esteemed House to employ all legal mechanism at its disposal to overrule the Governor’s decision in the act complained of, which is capable of setting a very dangerous precedent that will ruin the entire public service system of our dear State, if allowed.

“TAKE NOTICE Sir, this act of indiscriminate issuance of executive order, if allowed, will cause the entire Kano State the following catastrophic effects,”

The State Assembly failed to attend to the petition even if it means dismissing it for fear of the governor, if the petition is not attended to we will have no option but to go to court”. He added

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Opinion

The Movement (Tafiyar Matasa) and the Very Big Questions to Answer

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Comr. Habu Hassan Abdullahi

Comr. Habu Hassan Abdullahi

Yes, I am not some sort of social critic who would unfairly denigrate someone’s achievement for personal gain or political interest that I do not have. Thus, this is pre-eminently the right time to speak the truth to the members of my generation in Nigeria whether they care to accept it or not. But remember the truth is always truth and can stand alone.

No doubt that not everyone is happy with how leadership is running in this country, with the exception of those at the corridor of power. But this is not enough to be a raison d’etre to handle our dear nation to the hands of inexperienced youths. Forgive my pen for the use of “inexperienced”. Just because most of them have never been to real leadership. Of course, I am myself opposed to the exclusionary habit of the present politicians, they’ve relegated youths to the mantle of power but we have to cautiously control our faculty of thinking to avoid getting entangled in a lust for power.

I was very happy when I heard the idea of “The Movement” known as “Tafiyar Matasa” in the Hausa language. And of course, the genesis of the movement was attributed to the unavoidable “EndBadGovernance” protest of 1st August, 2024. The movement began immediately after the protest, in fact, it is one of the noticeable outcomes of the protest due to the unity it brought. The idea of the movement was preached and promoted by some prominent northern activists and social media influencers to serve as a last resort to the youths in their effort to bring good governance. No one can deny the fact this is a laudable effort. But the very big question supposed to be asked here is: youthfulness is the only parameter and yardstick to measure the caliber of a good leader? If yes, why Yahaya Bello (Former Governor of Kogi) and Abdurrasheeed Bawa (former EFCC Boss) were arraigned for looting the public treasury! The point I want to make here is, being young or old will not be a determining factor for an individual to be a good leader. We can have corrupt leaders within any range of age.

Another important issue to take into cognizance is the failure of some youths to comprehend the logic and existing distinction between being a good activist and being a good leader. Leadership is quite different from activism, therefore, a good activist may not necessarily be a good leader. It is common knowledge that the conveners of this important movement lack practical leadership acumen and organizational skills that are fundamental for successful leadership. Okay, should we handle our future to the trial and error leaders? We have to exercise extraordinary care when it comes to leadership.

Yet another problem faced by this movement is financial constraints. To be sincere and frank, the quantum resources required to run a great national political movement like this oversizes the pockets of the conveners. Another organic question to ask here is: where the movement conveners can solicit humongous financial resources? From the politicians they are castigating? If yes, this is performative contradiction!

Finally, I would like to remind my fellow youths that new breed, as the late Yusuf Maitama said, cannot solve the Nigerian problem. There must be mutual cooperation and understanding between the new breed and old breed. We must work together with them to acquire all necessary experience, knowledge, and practical leadership skills.

Written by
Comr. Habu Hassan Abdullahi
From Bayero University, Kano
Department of Education
Contact via 07065941454 or habu92hassan@gmail.com

 

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Opinion

Time to Move on at the University of Abuja

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By Alabi Lut

In the past four months, the University of Abuja has been in the news over the appointment of a substantive vice-chancellor. Controversies and disagreements surrounding such appointments are not necessarily unexpected, particularly in a university situated in the Federal Capital Territory, near the seat of power. What is unusual and unnecessary, however, is that those who feel aggrieved that they or their preferred candidates were not appointed have refused to wake up to the reality of Professor Aisha Sani Maikudi’s leadership. Instead of accepting the decision, they have continued their attacks on the University and the person of the Vice-Chancellor.
Despite these persistent attacks, Professor Maikudi has continued to receive accolades and congratulatory messages from both within and outside the University community. The University Senate, which comprises Deans, Academic Directors, Heads of Departments, and Professors, has congratulated her as well and thrown its weight behind her leadership by passing a vote of confidence in the Chairman of the Governing Council, Air Vice Marshal Saddiq Ismaila Kaita. This should send a strong message to the small clique of dissenters that she is well accepted.
What is even more significant is that the management of the University and the Vice-Chancellor herself have refused to be distracted by this orchestrated smear campaign. Instead, the vice chancellor has remained focused on academic and administrative activities to ensure the growth and development of the institution.

One of the major events on the University’s calendar is the upcoming matriculation ceremony. Following a commendable admission exercise, thousands of newly admitted students are set to be officially welcomed into the university this week. For these students and their parents, guardians, this ceremony will be quite memorable to them.
Also, the University has already scheduled its 29th convocation ceremony for this month. It will be a momentous occasion for students who have successfully completed their academic programmes and are now set to graduate.

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Since assuming office, Professor Maikudi has met with virtually all key stakeholders to give them a sense of belonging. She appreciates the importance of bringing the University community together to actualise her vision and move the University forward. Her appointment continues to resonate with the whole world. No wonder that on Friday 31st December 2025, when she turned 42, she was celebrated as that leader who means a lot to the University community. At the occasion which attracted great personalities, including the governor of her home state, Katsina, Dikko Umar Radda; Governor Uba Sani of Kaduna State, and former governor and speaker of the House of Representatives, Aminu Bello Masari, and other prominent personalities, one guest noted jocularly, “Maikudi shouldn’t be celebrated just because she’s now Vice-Chancellor or because she’s hit the big 4-2. She should be celebrated because she’s got the brains to take the university to greater heights—and let’s be honest she is beautiful too!”
Managing a tertiary institution, especially a big one like the University of Abuja, is no small task. Established in 1988, the University has come a long way, still it has much ground to cover in terms of infrastructure and academic development.
While past leaders played their own part, there is no doubt that more work needs to be done. I think the University community understands this as well as the vice-chancellor.
At a recent town hall meeting with student leaders, Maikudi was met with both congratulatory messages and pressing demands. The students, while pledging their support, shared their various expectations, which included need for increased hostel accommodation and transportation. Indeed, the current demand for hostels far exceeds available space, and many have had to seek alternatives. However, her promise to expand accommodation facilities through public-private partnerships has given a lot of hope to both students and staff.
The need to revise the university’s academic calendar is another crucial task. Disruptions caused by previous Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) strikes and the COVID-19 pandemic have left the institution struggling to maintain a stable academic schedule. Thankfully, the University Senate took a welcomed decision for a structured, well-maintained calendar that will help the smooth running of academic programmes in the coming years.
One of the biggest challenges that will face the administration of Maikudi will be funding. Like most Nigerian public universities, the University of Abuja operates on a lean budget. The issue of inadequate funding is compounded by other challenges, such as encroachment on the university’s over 11,000 hectares of land.
However, Professor Maikudi is no stranger to leadership. She has steadily risen through the ranks—from being a Head of Department to Deputy Dean of Law, Director of the University’s International Centre, then Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Acting Vice-Chancellor — to become the substantive Vice-Chancellor. Her experience so far means she understands the University’s workings inside out, and this puts her at a vantage position to handle its challenges effectively. As an administrator with impressive networking skills, the issue of funding particularly should be well mitigated.
At this point, those who remain opposed to her appointment should acknowledge her competence and level of preparedness, and accept that it is time to move forward. Sure, leadership comes with its fair share of obstacles, and history has shown that great leaders often face certain resistance before achieving success. Perhaps the opposition she has encountered so far are simply part of the journey meant to fortify her and edge her toward changing the University of Abuja for the better.
One of her key strategies, which has been widely welcomed, is working with a new team of competent individuals who can help her achieve her vision. The recent appointment of Abubakar Sadiq Abba as Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) by the University Senate is praiseworthy. Abba, a professor of political science will hold this position for another two years and will be expected to help the vice chancellor, along with other management members, towards realising the strategic objectives of her administration.
The University of Abuja needs at this moment, a leader like Professor Maikudi to move it beyond the present point. Now is the time to focus on building a stronger, more vibrant University of Abuja. And she deserves every support to actualise this vision.
Those who have resisted her leadership must now recognise the need to collaborate in this important journey. There can be hardly any progress without unity. The University, its students, and the broader academic community stand to benefit far more from such a collaborative approach than from continued division.

 

Alabi Lut writes from No 42B Federal Housing Lugbe, Abuja.

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