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CISLAC/TI-Nigeria Raises Alarm Over Persistent Corruption in Nigeria’s Defence Sector

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The Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), in collaboration with Transparency International Defence and Security (TI-DS), today presented a press statement at the North-West Regional Press Conference held at Porto Golf Hotels in Kano, calling attention to the alarming state of Nigeria’s defence and security sector. The event was led by Jimoh Abubakar from the CISLAC Communications Department.

The press conference was organized to disseminate a policy brief titled “Nigeria’s Defence Sector: Persistent Corruption Risk Amidst Escalating Security Threats,” published by TI-DS in collaboration with CISLAC/Transparency International in Nigeria (TI-Nigeria).

The policy brief draws on the 2020 Government Defence Integrity Index (GDI), policy literature, news reports, and extensive analyses by CISLAC. It presents a comprehensive overview of systemic issues affecting defence governance in Nigeria and highlights the urgent need for institutional reforms.

Key Findings:
1. Nigeria’s defence and security sector is plagued with systemic corruption, a major hindrance to the effective provision of defence in a country facing serious security challenges.
2. Corruption enmeshes the ever-increasing defence sector expenditure and procurement – activities with little oversight and transparency mechanisms.
3. To remedy this, Nigeria’s defence institutions should prioritize transparency and access to information – with a focus on defence budgets and disaggregated expenditures.
4. Strengthening accountability and civilian oversight will be critical to building and sustaining effective institutional resilience in the country’s defence sector.

Key Observations from the Policy Brief

Nigeria’s defence and security sector is deeply entangled in systemic corruption, which continues to aggravate the country’s worsening security situation. The failure of state security forces to adequately protect local populations has led to a proliferation of self-defence militias and the increasing militarization of communities. As a result, the country’s capacity to address violent conflict is significantly undermined.

Corruption has long affected Nigeria’s public finances, business environment, and citizens’ quality of life. Nigeria ranked 145th out of 180 countries in the 2023 Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and 140th in 2024, with a score of just 26 out of 100, indicating a high perception of public sector corruption.

A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers warns that corruption could cost Nigeria up to 37% of its GDP by 2030 if left unchecked. Despite some progress in reducing bribery since 2016, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates that about 117 million bribes are still paid annually in Nigeria.

The policy brief highlights that Nigeria is experiencing a significant rise in insecurity, driven in part by the widespread availability of illicit weapons. In 2021, it was estimated that Nigeria housed approximately 70% of all illicit small arms in West Africa. This proliferation has fueled increasing rates of kidnapping, banditry, gender-based violence, killings, and other violent crimes across the country.

The northeast, a region at the heart of Nigeria’s counter-terrorism efforts, faces especially dire conditions. In the last 19 months alone, violent incidents have resulted in approximately 14,400 fatalities. Notably, Kaduna State alone accounted for 30% of militia-related violence in 2021, including cattle rustling, village attacks, and kidnapping for ransom. The armed forces are stretched thin, tasked with defending national borders while simultaneously addressing internal security threats.

As of 2023, Nigeria had approximately 135,000 active-duty personnel, which amounts to just 1.1 military personnel per 1,000 citizens. Soldiers are deployed on multiple fronts, including battling Boko Haram in the northeast, tackling banditry in the northwest, managing communal crises in the Middle Belt, and protecting oil assets in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea. Reports of desertions and corruption in the supply of arms and protective equipment have further endangered frontline troops.

Between 2016 and 2022, Nigeria spent over US$19.9 billion on security, with the military budget rising from US$2.4 billion in 2020 to US$4.5 billion in 2021, and dropping slightly to US$3.2 billion in 2023. Despite this high expenditure, Nigeria remains the largest arms importer in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 16% of the region’s imports between 2019 and 2023. However, outcomes have been minimal, with investigations revealing that about US$15 billion was lost to fraudulent arms procurement over the past two decades. Most of these dealings remain hidden from public scrutiny.

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The policy brief also points to a lack of fiscal accountability. The Excess Crude Account, established to stabilize government budgets during oil price fluctuations, was depleted under the Buhari administration, falling from US$2.1 billion in 2015 to just US$376,000 in 2022. In 2017, US$1 billion was withdrawn from this account for security purposes, but half of this amount remains unaccounted for, reportedly absorbed into opaque “security vote” expenditures.

Human rights abuses by state security forces further complicate the security landscape. These include civilian casualties from airstrikes and allegations of sexual and gender-based violence, particularly in northeastern Nigeria. Displaced women and girls are especially vulnerable, facing survival sex, trafficking, and other forms of abuse. Despite the establishment of the Presidential Investigation Panel in 2017, accountability remains elusive, and impunity prevails.

CISLAC also draws attention to irregularities in personnel management, including flawed recruitment, decentralized payment systems, and non-transparent promotions within the military. These gaps create fertile ground for corruption. Meanwhile, inadequate technical expertise within National Assembly committees undermines effective civilian oversight of defence activities. This leaves critical financial and operational functions exposed to corruption risks.

The policy brief further notes that financial management in the defence sector often bypasses even the limited rules that exist, allowing informal and self-serving practices to flourish. External audits are severely hampered by the Ministry of Defense’s consistent refusal to release necessary documents or grant access to accounts. Additionally, Nigeria’s Audit Act remains outdated, rendering the Office of the Auditor General incapable of properly scrutinizing defence finances.

CISLAC put forward the following Recommendations:

1. In partnership with TI-DS with support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Netherlands, we demand continue support to national and sub-national stakeholder platforms that engage with the Nigerian government on key issues related to defence and corruption. This will allow civil society actors and the media to provide input into national security strategy discussions and implementing policies.
2. Adoption of an internationally accepted range of exceptions for defence and security that can be used in the development of legal frameworks, specifically in the right to information (RTI) law or information classification systems. This is also important for regulations governing procurement transparency and budget transparency.
3. We demand adoption of global principles and standards for public disclosure of critical information about the defence sector, including defence budgets, competitive contracting, defence income and foreign assistance, disaggregated expenditures, and asset disposals.
4. We demand establishing guidelines for separating confidential from non-confidential information, similar to the Global Principles on National Security and the Right to Information – The Tshwane Principles, would help limit abuses by setting out what information on budgets and procurements could be disclosed. For genuinely confidential procurements, a separate legal procedure could be designed allowing for monitoring by a confidential senate committee and a unit with suitable security clearance within the Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP).
5. Immediately amend the Audit Act by the National Assembly to address current trends and challenges, while enhancing the effective functioning of the Office of Auditor General of the Federation to fully interrogate financial management in defence and security sector.
6. Advocate for the harmonization of legal and policy frameworks governing defence and security, both through independent analysis and via platforms for direct engagement with government actors. This is particularly relevant for freedom of information and whistleblowing and for public procurement processes and national strategy and policy development.
7. Adequate monitoring mechanisms for gender-related compliance in the Defence and Security sector. This will help to prevent gender-based violence and abuse during operations. It has become imperative to fully implement the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 to adequately integrate women’s participation and representation at all levels of decision making in the defence and security sector.
8. Strengthen civilian oversight of the defence sector, both in the legislature and the administration. Priority areas include:
– Enhance skills within the legislature and parliamentary committee system, particularly regarding oversight of defence strategies and policies, defence budgets and arms imports.
– Administrative oversight of military expenditures through external auditing and improved tracking of financial outlays.
– Administrative oversight of procurement practices through tender board controls and anti-collusion controls.
9. Strengthen personnel management systems for both military and civilian personnel, in collaboration with MOD and Armed Forces. Priority areas are:
– Payment systems, including numbers of personnel, pay rates, and allowances.
– Formalization and oversight of top-level appointments, promotions, and recruitment.
– Integrity standards in defence personnel management (code of conduct, anti-bribery, anti-corruption training, etc).
10. Procurement transparency and oversight; In particular, reviewing the legal exemptions in Section 15 of the Public Procurement Law for military and defence purchases and recommending changes that enhance transparency and accountability.

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Kano Monitors ₦48.9bn Projects Across Six LGAs

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By Abbas Yushau Yusuf

The Kano State Government says it has intensified monitoring and evaluation of public projects across six local government areas, with 106 projects valued at approximately ₦48.91 billion assessed during routine inspections in September 2026.

The Commissioner for Public Procurement, Projects Monitoring and Evaluation, Nura Iro Maaji, disclosed this while briefing journalists in Kano on the findings of the ministry’s monitoring exercises, which covered Kabo, Dawakin Tofa, Tofa, Shanono, Gwarzo and Bagwai local government areas.

Maaji said the inspections were designed to assess the physical progress of government-funded projects, examine the quality of executed works, identify implementation challenges and determine the extent to which public investments were delivering benefits to residents.

According to the commissioner, the monitoring exercise formed part of the commitment of the administration of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf to transparency, accountability and improved service delivery across Kano State.

He explained that the monitoring teams comprised professionals and technical officers from the ministry, supported by its media team, who visited project sites to evaluate construction works and assess the condition and functionality of public facilities.

The commissioner said the projects inspected covered roads, classroom construction and renovation, healthcare facilities, neighbourhood security divisional offices, solar-powered streetlighting, drainage systems, water supply and other essential infrastructure.

Maaji stressed that government projects should not be assessed solely on the basis of contract awards, adding that their quality, functionality, sustainability and measurable benefits to communities were equally important.

80 Projects Recorded at 100 Per Cent Progress

Providing a breakdown of the monitoring findings, Maaji said 80 of the 106 project entries, representing approximately 75.5 per cent, were recorded as having attained 100 per cent physical progress.

He said another 20 projects were at various stages of implementation, while six had recently been awarded, bringing the total number of project entries covered by the six local government schedules to 106.

The commissioner, however, emphasised that the ministry would continue to conduct follow-up inspections to establish compliance with contractual obligations, verify the quality of work and ensure that outstanding issues were addressed before projects were formally closed out.

According to the project schedules accompanying the monitoring report, the 106 entries had a reconstructed aggregate contract value of ₦48,910,349,389.07, or approximately ₦48.91 billion.

The figures represent entries in the monitoring schedules and physical progress recorded during the inspections; they do not, by themselves, constitute independently verified completion certificates for all projects listed as 100 per cent complete.

Kabo Records Highest Project Value

A comparison of the six local government areas showed that Kabo had 15 project entries valued at approximately ₦15.52 billion, the highest aggregate value among the areas covered by the exercise.

The monitoring schedules recorded 12 of the Kabo projects as having reached 100 per cent physical progress, while two were ongoing and one had recently been awarded.

In Dawakin Tofa, the ministry assessed 16 project entries valued at approximately ₦11.16 billion, with 12 recorded at 100 per cent completion, three ongoing and one recently awarded.

Tofa had 15 project entries valued at approximately ₦3.14 billion, of which 12 were recorded at 100 per cent physical progress and three were ongoing, according to the schedules.

Shanono accounted for 21 project entries valued at approximately ₦7 billion, with 14 recorded at 100 per cent progress, four ongoing and three recently awarded.

In Gwarzo, the monitoring schedules contained 23 project entries valued at approximately ₦6.08 billion, with 21 recorded at 100 per cent physical progress and two ongoing.

Bagwai had 16 project entries valued at approximately ₦6.01 billion, comprising nine recorded at 100 per cent progress, six ongoing and one recently awarded.

Major Road Projects Require Further Monitoring

Despite the progress recorded in several areas, the monitoring report identified a number of major road projects that remained under construction and would require further assessment.

The report placed the Janguza–Durum–Kabo–Karaye road corridor in Kabo at 48 per cent physical progress, while the Hawan Ganji–Badari–Kadere road in Gwarzo was recorded at 67 per cent.

Similarly, the five-kilometre road project in Shanono was recorded at 65 per cent physical progress, according to the monitoring schedules.

The commissioner said the ministry would continue to engage implementing agencies and contractors to address delays, incomplete works and quality concerns, with follow-up inspections expected to focus on compliance with project specifications and agreed implementation milestones.

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Maaji also said the ministry would apply corrective measures where necessary and pursue further technical reviews to ensure that public funds translated into infrastructure that met the required standards.

Education Projects Show Mixed Progress

On educational infrastructure, the commissioner said investments in classroom construction, school renovations, furniture and sanitation facilities were intended to improve learning environments and support access to quality education across the state.

However, the monitoring schedules showed varying levels of progress among some education projects, including classrooms at Government Junior Secondary School, Badau, in Bagwai, which were recorded at 55 per cent completion.

The report also placed the GAA/GGSS Badau project at 16 per cent physical progress, while the Government Technical College project in Gwarzo was recorded at 72 per cent.

Maaji said the ministry would continue to monitor such projects and work with the relevant implementing agencies to address delays and ensure that construction and rehabilitation works were completed in accordance with approved specifications.

He added that the government’s investment in schools and related facilities must produce tangible improvements for students and communities rather than remain limited to expenditure on contracts.

Security, Streetlighting and Healthcare Facilities

The monitoring exercise also covered neighbourhood security facilities, solar-powered streetlighting, healthcare infrastructure and water supply projects across the six local government areas.

According to the report, neighbourhood security divisional offices in several areas were recorded at 100 per cent physical progress, while the corresponding project in Dawakin Tofa stood at 85 per cent.

The report further indicated that solar streetlighting projects in Bagwai and Shanono were at 35 per cent progress, while the project monitored in Kabo was recorded at 100 per cent.

In the health sector, the rehabilitation of Shanono Primary Health Centre was recorded at 84 per cent physical progress, while a hand-pump borehole project in the area was listed as completed.

Maaji said investments in healthcare, water supply, rural electrification and security infrastructure were important to public welfare, community safety and improved living conditions.

He explained that the ministry would continue to assess the quality and functionality of such facilities to ensure that they served their intended purposes and provided lasting benefits to residents.

Kano Introduces Digital Project Monitoring System

Beyond physical inspections, Maaji announced that the ministry was strengthening project oversight through a digital initiative under the Kano State Integrated Project Monitoring System, accessible at kanoprocurement.ng.

He said the system was intended to improve the organisation of project information, geographical tracking, visibility and reporting of implementation progress, while allowing field evidence to inform management decisions.

According to him, the ministry would continue to improve the completeness and reliability of project data and strengthen follow-up reporting as part of efforts to make monitoring more effective.

Maaji said the use of digital tools would enable the government to improve access to information about public projects and strengthen its ability to identify implementation challenges and take appropriate action.

Digital Procurement Platform Goes Live

The commissioner also announced that the Kano State Digital Public Procurement Platform had gone live at procurement.kn.gov.ng, describing the initiative as an important step towards improving transparency and accountability in public procurement.

He said the platform was designed to promote structured and traceable procurement processes, improve planning and documentation, strengthen audit trails, widen access to procurement opportunities and reduce administrative bottlenecks.

Maaji added that the initiative was also expected to support more efficient procurement processes and improve value for money in government spending.

He said the reform was intended to support the objectives of the Kano State Public Procurement Law, 2021, but stressed that its effectiveness would depend on adoption by the 10 pilot ministries, departments and agencies, sustained capacity development and compliance with applicable regulations.

The commissioner maintained that digital infrastructure alone could not guarantee accountability, noting that effective implementation, proper documentation and adherence to established procedures remained essential to achieving the desired results.

Government to Extend Monitoring Across 44 LGAs

Maaji said the ministry’s priorities included sustaining routine and follow-up monitoring across all 44 local government areas in Kano State and engaging implementing agencies and contractors to resolve delays and incomplete projects.

He added that the government would strengthen project data management and geographical reporting through the Integrated Project Monitoring System while supporting the gradual adoption of the digital procurement platform.

According to him, the ministry would also prioritise quality assurance, procurement compliance and demonstrable value for money in the execution of public projects.

Maaji further announced plans to sustain evidence-based public communication and transparent reporting of monitoring findings through town hall meetings across the state’s 44 local government areas.

He called on implementing agencies, contractors, professional bodies, civil society organisations, the media and members of the public to support the government’s efforts to improve project monitoring and public accountability.

The commissioner commended Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf for his leadership and acknowledged the contributions of the ministry’s technical officers and media team to the monitoring exercise.

He said the ministry remained committed to ensuring that monitoring served as a practical instrument for accountability and improved service delivery.

Maaji said every public project must be accounted for, every public investment justified and every public resource translated into meaningful benefits for the people of Kano State, with measurable value for money.

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Muhammad Hussari Makes INEC Final List as APM Governorship Candidate in Kano

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Former member of the House of Representatives, Muhammad Hussari Bashir Galadanchi, has made the final list released by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) as the governorship candidate of the Allied Peoples Movement (APM) in Kano State.

Hussari’s name appeared on the list alongside that of his running mate, Abdullahi Umar Protocol.

Hailing from Sarina in Garko Local Government Area of Kano State, Hussari is set to challenge incumbent Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf and the African Democratic Congress (ADC) candidate, Ibrahim Ali Amin Little, in the governorship election.

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Born in 1979, Hussari is an Oxford-trained negotiator. He obtained a degree in Business Administration from Bayero University Kano in 2006 and a certificate in Negotiation Skills from the University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

He began his formal education at Gwale Special Primary School before proceeding to Rumfa College, Kano, for his secondary education.

Hussari served as a member of the House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015, representing Gwale Federal Constituency. Between 2015 and 2019, he served as Senior Special Assistant to former Speaker of the House of Representatives, Yakubu Dogara.

Beyond politics, Hussari also served as Chairman of Success Vision International Limited in the United Kingdom.

His background in business, legislative affairs and negotiation is expected to feature prominently in his campaign as he seeks to secure the governorship of Kano State under the APM platform.

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Court Directs ICPC to Produce El-Rufai for Next Hearing

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The Kaduna State High Court on Monday directed the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) to produce former Kaduna State Governor Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai for the next hearing in his trial.

Justice Darius Khobo gave the directive while adjourning proceedings after counsel for the defence and the prosecution agreed to the adjournment.

Speaking before the court, ICPC lead counsel, Ayodeleji Adelukpe, SAN, explained that the defence had requested an adjournment to enable its lead counsel, Paul Erokoro, SAN, to attend the swearing-in ceremony for a new set of Senior Advocates of Nigeria at the Supreme Court.

Adelukpe said Erokoro had sent him a WhatsApp message requesting that the proceedings scheduled for Monday and Tuesday be vacated, followed by a telephone call to explain the request.

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He said he agreed to the adjournment for Monday out of respect for Erokoro and in recognition of the importance of the Supreme Court event but proposed that the case continue on Tuesday.

According to him, he suggested 10 a.m. for the continuation of proceedings, subject to the judge’s approval, but Erokoro requested that the sitting be fixed for noon.

The ICPC counsel, however, expressed surprise that El-Rufai was also absent from court, saying the communication he received from the defence counsel did not indicate that the defendant would be unavailable.

Adelukpe told the court that the information available to him was that El-Rufai would not attend because he wanted to review the results of his medical tests.

The court subsequently adjourned the proceedings until Tuesday and directed the ICPC to produce the former governor at the next hearing.

 

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