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CISLAC/TI-Nigeria Raises Alarm Over Persistent Corruption in Nigeria’s Defence Sector

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The Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), in collaboration with Transparency International Defence and Security (TI-DS), today presented a press statement at the North-West Regional Press Conference held at Porto Golf Hotels in Kano, calling attention to the alarming state of Nigeria’s defence and security sector. The event was led by Jimoh Abubakar from the CISLAC Communications Department.

The press conference was organized to disseminate a policy brief titled “Nigeria’s Defence Sector: Persistent Corruption Risk Amidst Escalating Security Threats,” published by TI-DS in collaboration with CISLAC/Transparency International in Nigeria (TI-Nigeria).

The policy brief draws on the 2020 Government Defence Integrity Index (GDI), policy literature, news reports, and extensive analyses by CISLAC. It presents a comprehensive overview of systemic issues affecting defence governance in Nigeria and highlights the urgent need for institutional reforms.

Key Findings:
1. Nigeria’s defence and security sector is plagued with systemic corruption, a major hindrance to the effective provision of defence in a country facing serious security challenges.
2. Corruption enmeshes the ever-increasing defence sector expenditure and procurement – activities with little oversight and transparency mechanisms.
3. To remedy this, Nigeria’s defence institutions should prioritize transparency and access to information – with a focus on defence budgets and disaggregated expenditures.
4. Strengthening accountability and civilian oversight will be critical to building and sustaining effective institutional resilience in the country’s defence sector.

Key Observations from the Policy Brief

Nigeria’s defence and security sector is deeply entangled in systemic corruption, which continues to aggravate the country’s worsening security situation. The failure of state security forces to adequately protect local populations has led to a proliferation of self-defence militias and the increasing militarization of communities. As a result, the country’s capacity to address violent conflict is significantly undermined.

Corruption has long affected Nigeria’s public finances, business environment, and citizens’ quality of life. Nigeria ranked 145th out of 180 countries in the 2023 Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and 140th in 2024, with a score of just 26 out of 100, indicating a high perception of public sector corruption.

A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers warns that corruption could cost Nigeria up to 37% of its GDP by 2030 if left unchecked. Despite some progress in reducing bribery since 2016, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates that about 117 million bribes are still paid annually in Nigeria.

The policy brief highlights that Nigeria is experiencing a significant rise in insecurity, driven in part by the widespread availability of illicit weapons. In 2021, it was estimated that Nigeria housed approximately 70% of all illicit small arms in West Africa. This proliferation has fueled increasing rates of kidnapping, banditry, gender-based violence, killings, and other violent crimes across the country.

The northeast, a region at the heart of Nigeria’s counter-terrorism efforts, faces especially dire conditions. In the last 19 months alone, violent incidents have resulted in approximately 14,400 fatalities. Notably, Kaduna State alone accounted for 30% of militia-related violence in 2021, including cattle rustling, village attacks, and kidnapping for ransom. The armed forces are stretched thin, tasked with defending national borders while simultaneously addressing internal security threats.

As of 2023, Nigeria had approximately 135,000 active-duty personnel, which amounts to just 1.1 military personnel per 1,000 citizens. Soldiers are deployed on multiple fronts, including battling Boko Haram in the northeast, tackling banditry in the northwest, managing communal crises in the Middle Belt, and protecting oil assets in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea. Reports of desertions and corruption in the supply of arms and protective equipment have further endangered frontline troops.

Between 2016 and 2022, Nigeria spent over US$19.9 billion on security, with the military budget rising from US$2.4 billion in 2020 to US$4.5 billion in 2021, and dropping slightly to US$3.2 billion in 2023. Despite this high expenditure, Nigeria remains the largest arms importer in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 16% of the region’s imports between 2019 and 2023. However, outcomes have been minimal, with investigations revealing that about US$15 billion was lost to fraudulent arms procurement over the past two decades. Most of these dealings remain hidden from public scrutiny.

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The policy brief also points to a lack of fiscal accountability. The Excess Crude Account, established to stabilize government budgets during oil price fluctuations, was depleted under the Buhari administration, falling from US$2.1 billion in 2015 to just US$376,000 in 2022. In 2017, US$1 billion was withdrawn from this account for security purposes, but half of this amount remains unaccounted for, reportedly absorbed into opaque “security vote” expenditures.

Human rights abuses by state security forces further complicate the security landscape. These include civilian casualties from airstrikes and allegations of sexual and gender-based violence, particularly in northeastern Nigeria. Displaced women and girls are especially vulnerable, facing survival sex, trafficking, and other forms of abuse. Despite the establishment of the Presidential Investigation Panel in 2017, accountability remains elusive, and impunity prevails.

CISLAC also draws attention to irregularities in personnel management, including flawed recruitment, decentralized payment systems, and non-transparent promotions within the military. These gaps create fertile ground for corruption. Meanwhile, inadequate technical expertise within National Assembly committees undermines effective civilian oversight of defence activities. This leaves critical financial and operational functions exposed to corruption risks.

The policy brief further notes that financial management in the defence sector often bypasses even the limited rules that exist, allowing informal and self-serving practices to flourish. External audits are severely hampered by the Ministry of Defense’s consistent refusal to release necessary documents or grant access to accounts. Additionally, Nigeria’s Audit Act remains outdated, rendering the Office of the Auditor General incapable of properly scrutinizing defence finances.

CISLAC put forward the following Recommendations:

1. In partnership with TI-DS with support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Netherlands, we demand continue support to national and sub-national stakeholder platforms that engage with the Nigerian government on key issues related to defence and corruption. This will allow civil society actors and the media to provide input into national security strategy discussions and implementing policies.
2. Adoption of an internationally accepted range of exceptions for defence and security that can be used in the development of legal frameworks, specifically in the right to information (RTI) law or information classification systems. This is also important for regulations governing procurement transparency and budget transparency.
3. We demand adoption of global principles and standards for public disclosure of critical information about the defence sector, including defence budgets, competitive contracting, defence income and foreign assistance, disaggregated expenditures, and asset disposals.
4. We demand establishing guidelines for separating confidential from non-confidential information, similar to the Global Principles on National Security and the Right to Information – The Tshwane Principles, would help limit abuses by setting out what information on budgets and procurements could be disclosed. For genuinely confidential procurements, a separate legal procedure could be designed allowing for monitoring by a confidential senate committee and a unit with suitable security clearance within the Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP).
5. Immediately amend the Audit Act by the National Assembly to address current trends and challenges, while enhancing the effective functioning of the Office of Auditor General of the Federation to fully interrogate financial management in defence and security sector.
6. Advocate for the harmonization of legal and policy frameworks governing defence and security, both through independent analysis and via platforms for direct engagement with government actors. This is particularly relevant for freedom of information and whistleblowing and for public procurement processes and national strategy and policy development.
7. Adequate monitoring mechanisms for gender-related compliance in the Defence and Security sector. This will help to prevent gender-based violence and abuse during operations. It has become imperative to fully implement the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 to adequately integrate women’s participation and representation at all levels of decision making in the defence and security sector.
8. Strengthen civilian oversight of the defence sector, both in the legislature and the administration. Priority areas include:
– Enhance skills within the legislature and parliamentary committee system, particularly regarding oversight of defence strategies and policies, defence budgets and arms imports.
– Administrative oversight of military expenditures through external auditing and improved tracking of financial outlays.
– Administrative oversight of procurement practices through tender board controls and anti-collusion controls.
9. Strengthen personnel management systems for both military and civilian personnel, in collaboration with MOD and Armed Forces. Priority areas are:
– Payment systems, including numbers of personnel, pay rates, and allowances.
– Formalization and oversight of top-level appointments, promotions, and recruitment.
– Integrity standards in defence personnel management (code of conduct, anti-bribery, anti-corruption training, etc).
10. Procurement transparency and oversight; In particular, reviewing the legal exemptions in Section 15 of the Public Procurement Law for military and defence purchases and recommending changes that enhance transparency and accountability.

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Kano Seeks Stronger EU Partnership on Urban Development, Economic Growth, Human Capital Development

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The Kano State Government has called for deeper collaboration with the European Union across critical sectors including urban infrastructure, education, healthcare, agriculture, climate action, digital transformation and economic development as part of efforts to accelerate sustainable growth and improve the quality of life of residents.

The appeal was made by the Deputy Governor of Kano State, Hon. Murtala Sule Garo, who represented Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf during the presentation of the state’s Urban Development Strategy to European Union ambassadors and representatives of eight EU member countries on an official visit to Kano.

Speaking while welcoming the delegation, Garo said the engagement provided an important opportunity for Kano State to showcase its long-term vision for sustainable urban development and explore strategic partnerships capable of driving economic transformation and inclusive growth.

According to the Deputy Governor, Kano occupies a unique position as one of Africa’s oldest commercial centres and one of the continent’s fastest-growing urban economies, making it both a hub of opportunity and a city facing the pressures associated with rapid urbanisation.

Garo explained that growing demand for infrastructure, housing, transportation systems, sanitation services, environmental management and economic opportunities has created an urgent need for innovative, coordinated and future-oriented development strategies.

He disclosed that the state government has developed a comprehensive Urban Development Strategy designed to guide Kano’s growth in a sustainable, organised and people-centred manner while addressing emerging urban challenges.

According to Garo, the strategy underscores the administration’s commitment to modern urban planning, improved infrastructure delivery, climate resilience, economic competitiveness, digital innovation and the overall enhancement of living standards for residents across the state.

The Deputy Governor further stated that the strategy is aligned with Nigeria’s national development priorities, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and internationally recognised best practices in urban governance and sustainable city management.

Garo appealed to the European Union to support Kano State in several priority areas, including education and skills acquisition, youth employment, agricultural development and food security, healthcare delivery, climate adaptation initiatives, renewable energy projects, infrastructure development and digital connectivity.

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He also requested technical assistance from the European Union in reviewing and validating the state’s draft Public Private Partnership (PPP) policy, noting that such support would help strengthen investment opportunities and improve the ease of doing business in Kano.

“We believe that stronger cooperation between the European Union and Kano State will contribute to shared prosperity, social stability and sustainable development while fostering stronger ties between our peoples,” Garo said while highlighting the potential benefits of enhanced collaboration.

The Deputy Governor assured the visiting delegation that the administration of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf remains committed to creating an enabling environment for investors through transparency, accountability and responsible governance practices.

Responding on behalf of the European Union delegation, EU Ambassador to Nigeria and ECOWAS, Gautier Mignot, described Kano as a major development hub in Northern Nigeria and an important partner in the European Union’s broader cooperation framework with Nigeria.

Mignot said the decision to select Kano for the delegation’s annual mission reflected the strategic importance the European Union attaches to the state as a key centre for development interventions and economic engagement in Northern Nigeria.

“The fact that we selected Kano for this year’s mission reflects the importance we attach to the state as a key development hub for Northern Nigeria and a strategic partner in our cooperation with Nigeria,” the ambassador stated.

According to Mignot, the delegation comprised ambassadors and representatives from Italy, Denmark, Spain, France, the Czech Republic, Belgium, Austria and Finland, and the visit formed part of the European Union’s annual field mission aimed at deepening engagement with key regions across Nigeria.

The ambassador noted that the European Union and Nigeria recently agreed to further strengthen bilateral relations during the eighth EU-Nigeria Ministerial Dialogue held in Abuja, reflecting a shared commitment to advancing cooperation in multiple sectors.

Mignot explained that the EU-Nigeria partnership is anchored on common values such as democracy, human rights, the rule of law, social inclusion and sustainable economic development, which continue to shape collaborative initiatives between both sides.

Expressing optimism about future engagements, the EU envoy said the visit demonstrated the depth of existing cooperation and highlighted the numerous opportunities available in Kano State for expanded partnership and investment.

“I believe this visit further demonstrates the depth of our cooperation and the many opportunities that Kano State offers for strengthening our partnership,” Mignot said.

Observers say the engagement is expected to open a new chapter in relations between Kano State and the European Union, with prospects for stronger collaboration in sustainable urban development, renewable energy, climate resilience, agriculture, healthcare, education, digital innovation and investment promotion.

The discussions also reinforce Kano State’s efforts to position itself as a leading destination for development partnerships and responsible investment while pursuing its vision of inclusive growth, modern infrastructure and long-term economic prosperity.This version follows a conventional newspaper structure with attribution throughout and expanded context suitable for publication.

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Former Humanitarian Minister Sadiya Farouq Asks Court to Set Aside Arrest Warrant Against Her

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By Yusuf Danjuma Yunusa

Sadiya Farouq, a former Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development, on Monday prayed an Abuja High Court to set aside a bench warrant issued against her.

The court had granted the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) leave to arraign Ms Farouq on April 16, alongside a former permanent secretary in the ministry, Bashir Alkali and Sani Mohammed.

Again, Ms Farouq failed to appear as ordered by the court, but both the second and third accused persons were present.

The Prosecution Counsel, Oluwaleke Atolagbe, told the court that the first defendant was absent.

Ms Farouq’s counsel, Oladipo Opeseyi, SAN, told the court that his client was not in court on medical grounds.

He prayed that the court hear his application.

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Mr Atolagbe, however, objected to the request, arguing that the arraignment had not been done.

“According to the records of the court, the application cannot be heard until after arraignment,” he said.

He said that the first defendant’s counsel promised to produce his client.

“I object to the submission of the prosecution, saying the application cannot be heard until after arraignment,” Mr Opeseyi said.

He said the application was preliminary in a criminal matter and was ripe for hearing under the law.

“If the court cannot hear it, it is tantamount to abandonment. An arraignment is the prosecution presenting the accused person to the court,” he said.

At this juncture, the court asked the first defendant’s counsel when his client would be in court.

In response, Mr Opeseyi told the court that the 10-day holiday in Egypt made it impossible to communicate with his client.

Secondly, he said, “We are not the medical doctors to give the conditions of her health.”

He further stated that the application in question sought that the court set aside the warrant of arrest issued against the first defendant on April 16.

Justice Jude Onwuegbuzie said, “The court needs to know how to act.

“The court is aware that you are not the medical doctor and neither is the court”.

The judge, however, allowed the first defendant‘s application to be heard.

The first defendant’s counsel, Mr Oluseyi, argued his application, urging the court to grant it and set aside the warrant of arrest issued on his client.

Opposing the application, Mr Atolagbe urged the court not to grant the application.

In addition, he urged the court to discountenance all the medical reports submitted by the first defendant, because they lacked credibility.

Justice Onwuegbuzie, after listening to the submissions, adjourned until June 10 to rule on the application.

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Kano Thuggery: Residents Flee, Raise Alarm Over Rising Violence, Criminal Activities in Bachirawa Community

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Residents of Bachirawa and surrounding communities in Kano State have raised concerns over what they describe as a worsening security situation marked by violent clashes, criminal activities, and the displacement of residents.

The concerns were contained in a statement issued by the Bachirawa Consensus Development Association (BCDA), which alleged that recurring violence linked to rival groups has continued to threaten lives and property in the area.

According to the association, tensions have escalated in recent weeks, particularly around Bachirawa, Ungogo, Kwanar Ungogo, NRC Road, and the Bayan Waya (Makera) axis. The group claimed that the unrest has been fueled by activities attributed to rival factions identified by residents as Habun Daidai and Tsalha Maikare.

The association further alleged that criminal elements involved in drug trafficking and other unlawful activities have established strongholds in parts of the area, particularly around Kwanar Ungogo Market and adjoining communities. The claims, however, have not been independently verified by security authorities.

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Residents said the persistent violence has created fear among community members, forcing many families to flee their homes in search of safety. They also alleged that several houses had been destroyed during the unrest, leaving affected residents homeless and facing significant economic hardship.

According to the statement, the violence intensified during the Eid-el-Kabir celebrations and continued through June 6, 2026, disrupting normal activities and creating an atmosphere of insecurity across the affected communities.

The BCDA expressed concern over what it described as inadequate intervention by relevant authorities, urging security agencies to take decisive action to restore peace and order in the area.

The association specifically appealed to the Kano State Commissioner of Police to review the deployment of personnel within the Bachirawa and Ungogo Police Divisions as part of efforts to strengthen security and rebuild public confidence.

The group also called on the Kano State Government under Governor Abba Kabiru Yusuf to conduct an independent assessment of the security challenges facing the area.

“We appeal to His Excellency to either visit the community personally or send a high-powered delegation to investigate the situation and assess the conditions in Kwanar Ungogo Market, which residents believe has become a major hub for criminal activities,” the statement said.

The association further referenced an incident involving an alleged assault on a resident, claiming that a suspect identified as Baffa remains at large. The group expressed concern over the alleged lack of progress in the case and called for a thorough investigation by security agencies.

Community leaders said the deteriorating security situation has continued to affect social and economic activities, with many residents living in fear of further violence.

They urged security agencies and government authorities to take immediate steps to address the underlying causes of the unrest, apprehend those responsible for criminal acts, and provide protection for law-abiding residents.

The residents maintained that urgent intervention is needed to prevent further escalation and restore peace to Bachirawa and neighboring communities.

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