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Friday Sermon] The Last Ten Nights/Days, Lailatul-Qadr, Zakatul-Fitr And Bidding Farewell To Ramadan

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(Friday Sermon] The Last Ten Nights/Days, Lailatul-Qadr, Zakatul-Fitr And Bidding Farewell To Ramadan

By Imam Murtadha Gusau

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

All praise is due to Allah, the Provider, the Bestower. In His Hands are the repositories of everything. He divided the religious matters between His servants, just as He divided the worldly matters between them. So among them are scholars, worshippers and the righteous. Just as among them are the disobedient, disbelievers and hypocrites. We praise Him (Allah) in a manner befitting His Majesty and Grandeur. He gave this Ummah (nation) Lailatul Qadr (Night of Decree) that is better than 1000 months. And He gave this Ummah abundant goodness. In these nights He has mercies and bestowals that He gives to the people of the Mosques and Qur’an. And He deprives the heedless and negligent. His Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to make I’tikaf (seclusion in the Mosque) seeking Lailatul Qadr (Night of Decree). He made I’tikaf in the beginning and middle of Ramadan then he was informed that the Lailatul Qadr was in the last ten nights so he established I’tikaf in those nights.

So be conscious of Allah and fill these virtuous nights with acts of obedience to Allah. For it is a great season from the seasons of the hereafter, and the profit within them is much and the pardoning of Allah within them is generous. And in these nights, Allah liberates many from the hellfire, and no one is careless in striving except the deprived.

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“So race to [all that is] good. To Allah is your return all together, and He will [then] inform you concerning that over which you used to differ.” [Qur’an, 5:48]

Dear brothers and sisters! These last ten nights/days have appeared and they are quick to conclude and depart. And they are the best part of Ramadan. When these great ten nights entered, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to emphasise seeking forgiveness and he used to awaken his family for their sake. He (Peace be upon him) used to make I’tikaf in them to realise Lailatul Qadr. And on the 27th night, he gathered his wives and family for its sake. In that is advising the family to worship in these last ten nights/days.

Respected servants of Allah! If these ten nights entered, he (Peace be upon him) tightened his belt, revived the night, awakened his family and strived to the greatest possible extent. These ten nights are the conclusion of this month. And when those racing near the end of the track, they give it all that they have.

On this night is made distinct every precise matter. And it is also said that there is restriction on this night. Allah Almighty said:

“And thought that We would not restrict him.” [Qur’an, 21:87]

And likewise:

“And he whose provision is restricted.” [Qur’an, 65:7]

Meaning restriction since the earth narrows due to the abundance of Angels. This night is better than 1000 months that do not contain Lailatul Qadr. So if we compare Lailatul Qadr with a 1000 months that do not contain Lailatul Qadr, then this one night of Lailatul Qadr would surpass them in virtue. So the worship in Lailatul Qadr is superior to the worship of 1000 months.

And Allah Almighty favoured this Ummah with Lailatul Qadr. Indeed, Allah favoured this Ummah with many matters: Five prayers for this Ummah are equivalent to 50. Fasting one month is equivalent to fasting ten months. So fasting Ramadan is equivalent to the reward of fasting ten months. And the fasting of the six days of Shawwal is equivalent to the fasting of two months. Together with the ten months of Ramadan it is equivalent to fasting one complete year. Whoever prays Isha’ prayer in congregation it is as if he prayed half of the night. And whoever prayed Fajr (Subh) in congregation it is as if he prayed the whole night. And Zakah is 2.5% but purifies all of the servant’s wealth.

We praise Allah that he made us from the Ummah (Nation) of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). And if He willed He would have made us part of other past communities. But He favoured us by making us part of the best nation (Ummah) produced for mankind. And likewise Allah gave this nation (Ummah) advantage and multiplied their reward, and from that is this Lailatul Qadr. He favoured us in that worship in it is superior to the worship of 1000 months. Allah Almighty said:

“Indeed, We sent it [i.e., the Qur’an] down during the Night of Decree.” [Qur’an, 97:1]

Among its honouring, is that the revelation of the Qur’an in it. Allah Almighty said:

“Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night.” [Qur’an, 44:3]

And Allah the Most High said:

“And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree?” [Qur’an, 97:2]

For what it contains of honour and greatness, Allah fills the earth with Angels. And in this is honouring the worshippers. For it is as if the Almighty is saying to the Angels: you said when I created Adam:

“Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein.” [Qur’an, 2:30]

So descend to the earth and look at My servants how they are praying (Salah), making remembrance (Zikr), supplicating (Du’a), reciting Qur’an, making I’tikaf, performing Umrah and  praying at night. So the Angels descend to the earth and see the worshippers. So congratulations to the one who invested his time in acts of obedience to Allah.

“The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months. The angels and the Spirit [i.e., Jibril] descend therein.” [Qur’an, 97:3-4]

Also, Angel Jibril descends with them. What honour is greater than this? And Allah the Most High said:

“By permission of their Lord for every matter. Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.” [Qur’an, 97:4-5]

Also, there is safety from evil and the plotting of shaitan. And it came on the authority of Ibn Mas’ud, may Allah be pleased with him, that  the sun does not rise in the morning of Lailatul Qadr between the horns of shaitan. For the shaitan is bound that night just as are the rebellious jinns.

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to make I’tikaf in these nights. And this is ordained seclusion in contrast to the innovated seclusion found in other communities and religions. In it a person turns to their Lord. I’tikaf contains the meanings of servitude and commitment. For whoever’s companion is Allah, then he remembers Him and calls upon Him and turns to Him. And he does not have any loneliness. Because in his I’tikaf, he secludes with his Lord and cuts off from the worldly life seeking the pleasure of Allah. Hoping to realise Lailatul Qadr. I’tikaf is from the worships of this Ummah (Nation) and has been made one of the most special acts of worship and it is coupled with fasting. For that reason, Allah mentioned it in the verses of fasting. In this night there are more Angels on the earth than the number of pebbles. They ascend to Allah with the deeds of the servants. This is a blessed and honoured night and whoever observes it has succeeded and is joyful. And whoever is deprived of it has been deprived of great goodness. Some scholars said that it is the 27th night. And others said it is the 21st night. And some said the 23rd night. And some said it is the last nights of Ramadan. And some said that it is not a specific night and that Lailatul Qadr moves among the last ten nights. So in one year it is on a night and on another year it is on a different night. And there is great wisdom in its concealment. For it was said that Allah concealed the middle prayer between the five prayers. And concealed the hour of the answered supplication on Friday. And whether repentance is accepted is hidden from people. Just as whether a deed is accepted is also hidden so that people strive. Likewise the time of their death is hidden from them so that they are always ready. It has been said that the wisdom of concealing Lailatul Qadr is so that people will continue performing deeds in hopes of realising it. And even if one strives, worships and prays on a night that is not Lailatul Qadr, his reward is not lost. Rather it is recorded. And he attains the honour of the period, the honour of worship in Ramadan and the honour of these ten nights. And for that reason the more that a person worships, the better off is his condition.

Respected brothers and sisters! Be as your Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was. He was grateful for Allah’s bounties. And he magnified, and venerated the Almighty. He knocked on the Almighty’s door and called and supplicated to Him with humility and reverence. For your Lord, Exalted be He, is near and generous. Allah Almighty said:

“And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me – indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.” [Qur’an, 2:186]

Magnify your Lord Allah, and repeatedly make supplications, soften your hearts from fear of Him and turn your tears to Him. For He is especially merciful of you. Rabi’ah Bin Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say:

“Be constant with: ‘O Possessor of Majesty and Honour (Ya Zal-Jalali wal-Ikram).” [At-Tirmizi]

And the meaning is adhere to it and use it in your supplication. For Possessor of Majesty and Honour is praise and glorification. For the grace of our Lord upon us is immeasurable and His rights upon us are great. And magnifying Him is obligatory, so carry out your obligation.

Be guarded to pray the night prayer on these blessed nights. And go to the Mosques during the nights for they contain Lailatul Qadr. If one revives every night of the year to realise Lailatul Qadr, that would not be too much. And know that if you do a lot of worship, Allah Almighty is more than you in rewarding and more generous than you in recompense. The companions said:

“We will make more (supplication), the Prophet said Allah is more (ready to answer).” [Ahmad]

Observe the prayer at the beginning and end of the night so that praying the whole night is recorded for you. For the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:

“Whoever prays the night prayer with the Imam until he finishes, Allah Almighty will record for him the night prayer of a (whole) night.” [An-Nasa’i]

Whoever stays at the Mosque between the night prayer of the beginning the night and the night prayer of the end of the night for remembrance of Allah, Qur’an, prayer and supplication has done well. Because he revived the entire night. And it is only a few nights which will soon depart. So let the triumphant triumph and the careless miss out.

I ask Allah Almighty to make us among those who realise Lailatul Qadr. And grant us success in performing what He loves and is pleased with. And to help us in these ten nights in remembrance of Him, being grateful to Him and worshiping Him in the best fashion. Indeed Allah is All Hearing, Answering.

Dear servants of Allah! The last ten nights of Ramadan have approached. And how fast they will pass. And they are the essence of the entire month of Ramadan. And the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to mix the first 20 nights of the month with sleep and voluntary night prayers. As far as the last 10 ten nights, he (Peace be upon him) did not sleep within them. For if the last ten nights entered, he did not sleep during the night. And he used to wake up his family. And he (Peace be upon him) used to strive hard in worship and liven the night with acts of obedience to Allah. And he used to make I’tikaf (seclusion in the Mosque) during these ten.

It is incumbent on us to emulate our Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) by giving proper attention to these ten nights. And that we intend I’tikaf (seclusion in the Mosque). And we can implement this Sunnah if we stay in the Mosque for just an hour or two with the intention of doing I’tikaf. The scholars have mentioned that if one intends I’tikaf the minimum duration is one day and one night or one or two hours.

These last ten nights contain lailatul Qadr (night of decree). In this night the decrees are taken from the Lawhul-Mhfuz (Preserved Tablet) to Baitul-Izzah in this worldly heaven. Then to the angels so that they know what will happen to people during that year from sickness and wellbeing, richness and poverty and life and death. The angels look at a man walking on the Earth and it is written with them that he will die during this year in such-and-such month and such-and-such day due to an accident or illness and so on.

During this night the angels descend from the heavens and observe the people in the Mosque’s praying and remembering Allah Almighty. So congratulations to the worshipper and the one remembering Allah during this night. Whomever observes this night in worship it is as if he worshipped Allah Almighty for more than 1000 months which is equivalent to about 84 years. Allah Almighty said:

“The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.” [Qur’an, 97:3]

The goodness of this month has a great impact on the scale of good deeds when one finds on the Day of Judgment that a new lifespan of acts of worship were added that raises their rank in Paradise. It is a simple deed with a great reward. So congratulations to the one who strives during Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) and all of the ten nights. Whether one sees its signs or not. For through the sincere intention, Allah grants the reward, for the graces of Allah are boundless. So let us strive and capitalise on these ten nights through the remembrance of Allah (Zikr), supplication (Du’a), prayer (Salah), charity (Sadaqah), dutifulness to parents, reciting the Noble Qur’an and righteous deeds. And beware of sins and guard our eyes, ears and tongues from the forbidden things.

Some of the scholars said that Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) is on the 27th night and some said the 21st night and some said the 23rd night and some said the last night of Ramadan. And some have said that Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) is not fixed on a specific night and can be on any of the last ten nights. So in one year it would be on a particular night and the next year it would be on another night and so forth.

And the wisdom of hiding it is so that the Muslims strive in acts of obedience on all of the last ten nights. Likewise, Allah has hidden the hour in which supplications are answered on the day of Friday. Also, Allah has hidden the time of death from everyone so that people constantly stay in preparation for that moment.

These ten nights are a chance to raise the ranks and expiate the bad deeds. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:

“Whoever performs voluntary night prayer during Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) out of faith and anticipation (of the reward from Allah), his previous sins will be forgiven.” [Bukhari]

Faith in that Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) is believing that it is during these 10 nights. And anticipation is performing voluntary night prayer on all of these 10 nights in anticipation of the reward and virtue of this night.

My beloved people! There are those who waste their time on these virtuous nights in the markets. And there are those who miss these virtuous nights while watching various media, especially shows that offend modesty and religion and increase the sins.

And there are young people who waste these nights playing and having fun or watching entertainment and matches. And there are those who waste these nights in gatherings of ill speech and improper conduct. Thus, such people miss out on a lot of goodness for themselves. And they will grieve and have regret on the Day of Resurrection over losing and neglecting this great virtue and over the sins and bad deeds that they have incurred.

We ask Allah Almighty to make us among those who perform voluntary night prayer during Lailatul Qadr (night of decree) out of faith and anticipation of the reward from Allah, ameen.

Respected brothers and sisters! We lived through a blessed month, full of peace and tranquility. A month in which the souls of the believers peak. And are elevated through fasting, prayers, and recitation of the Book of their Lord to the heights of solitude with Him and closeness to Him. This makes them wish that the whole year was Ramadan!

They are the nights of purification and excellence. Nights of putting forth concerns of this worldly life and shaking them off and being relieved of them. They are nights of the Qur’an. And what can make you know what is the Qur’an? It is the Words of our Lord, Most Majestic and Exalted. It has the narratives of those before us. And the news of those after us.  And a judge between the people. It is the truth and not amusement. And whoever seeks honour from other than it, Allah will disgrace him.

The Qur’an was recited in the night prayer of the blessed month of Ramadan. It filled people’s ears with Iman (faith), examples and lessons. They recited it starting from the creation of the heavens and the earth to when the people of paradise will enter paradise and the people of hell will enter the fire. And they reflected upon the verses of Allah about the previous communities and punishments that have come to pass against people before them. And what Allah has established of recompense in this world and the hereafter for those who obey Him. And the recompense for those who disobey Him. Allah Almighty said:

“We relate to you, the best of stories in what We have revealed to you of this Qur’an although you were, before it, among the unaware.” [Qur’an, 12:3]

Indeed, the fruitful tree of Ramadan has shed most of its leaves as it was gusted by the winds of time. Even if there were mistakes in what has passed due to negligence, the greatest mistake is insisting upon negligence going forward.

So see what type of person you were in Ramadan. Among the three types is one, he who wrongs himself, and two, he who is moderate, and three, he who is foremost in good deeds by the permission of Allah.

Indeed this Blessed Month is either a witness for you or a witness against you. So what will you do in its remaining nights? Allah the Most High said:

“Lest a soul should say, “Oh, [how great is] my regret over what I neglected in regard to Allah and that I was among the mockers.” [Qur’an, 39:56]

And what people feel of sorrow from the departure of Ramadan and the closing of their register of deeds in it is not because Ramadan is leaving without a return. For indeed Ramadan will certainly return until the Hour is established. Rather, a person is sorrowful because he does not know whether he will realise it when it returns another time. Whether he will be a trace after having existed and a narrative after having lived?!

How miserable is the one who has lost the Rayyan, the gate of heaven specifically for the fasting. And how miserable is the one about whom the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said Amin when Jibril, peace be upon him, said:

“And may a man who realises Ramadan and then he is not forgiven, or then Allah distances him, be humiliated. So then the Prophet said: Amin, Amin, Amin.” [Muslim]

This month of Ramadan is bidding farewell, and whatever remains of it, will pass like the blink of an eye. And those racing sprint when they near the finish line. And the successful ones finish in such a good fashion that it makes up for the shortcomings in the beginning. And you never know. Perhaps the blessing of your deeds is in the last part. For indeed, deeds are gauged by their conclusion.

So what a calamity it is for a sinner who did not repent in Ramadan. And how terrible it is for the person seeking paradise to have been neglectful in Ramadan. And what misery it is for the one escaping from the fire to have slept in Ramadan instead of striving. Allah Almighty said:

“So for this let the competitors compete.” [Qur’an, 83:26]

So be conscious of Allah and go towards Allah before being driven in the hereafter. Allah Almighty said:

“That Day, you will be exhibited [for judgement]; not hidden among you is anything concealed.” [Qur’an, 69:18]

Indeed what is between us and paradise and the fire is only for our life terms to end. And not prioritising important deeds is due to not realising how short life is no matter how long it is. So may Allah have mercy upon a person who prioritised making repentance. And overcame his desires. For one’s life term is concealed and his hope in living fools him. And between the life term and hope is shaitan adorning sins for people to do them. And shaitan gives a person false hopes that they can always make repentance, so that they delay it. Allah the Most High said:

“He [i.e., Satan] promises them and raises false hopes. But Satan does not promise them except delusion.” [Qur’an, 4:120]

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said that Allah invited to seeking forgiveness even those who claimed that Uzair is the son of Allah, and even those who claimed that Allah is poor, and even those who claimed that Allah’s hands are tied, and even those who claim that Allah is one of three. Allah said to all of them:

“So will they not repent to Allah and seek His forgiveness? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” [Qur’an, 5:74]

Allah invites the believers to repent:

“O you who have believed, repent to Allah with sincere repentance. Perhaps your Lord will remove from you your misdeeds and admit you into gardens beneath which rivers flow [on] the Day when Allah will not disgrace the Prophet and those who believed with him.” [Qur’an, 66:8]

Dear brothers and sisters! Allah Almighty has prescribed at the conclusion of the month of Ramadan to pay Zakatul-Fitr (Sadaqatul-Fitr) which is purification and covers deficiencies in the fasting. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

“The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) enjoined Zakatul-Fitr as a purification for the fasting person from idle talk and obscenities, and to feed the poor. Whoever pays it before the (Eid) prayer, it is an accepted Zakah, and whoever pays it after the prayer, it is (ordinary) charity.” [Abu Dawud]

And it is an obligation that the person pays for himself and on behalf of the members of his household on whom he is responsible for spending. Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

The Messenger of Allah enjoined Zakatul-Fitr, a Sa’i of dates or a Sa’i of barley, on the free and bonded, male and female,  the young and old among the Muslims. And he commanded that it be paid before the people go out for the (Eid) prayer.” [Bukhari and Muslim]

And in another narration in Bukhari:

“And they used to offer it (Zakatul-Fitr ) a day or two days before Eid.” [Bukhari]

And beware of observing Eid in manner that displeases Allah. The one who turns Eid into a day of disobedience is not being grateful for Allah’s favour in realising Ramadan and succeeding in fasting and performing night prayers. And Allah Almighty says:

“So that you may complete the prescribed period and proclaim the greatness of Allah for guiding you, and perhaps you will be grateful.” [Qur’an, 2: 185]

I ask Allah Almighty to give us success in concluding Ramadan in the best possible fashion and to accept our fasting and night prayers. Indeed Allah is All Hearing, Answering.

Respected servants of Allah! Indeed bidding farewell to Ramadan is heart-wrenching and sorrowful. Because it separates one from the beloved month and deprives one of enjoying it and basking in its bounties and blessings. Also, there is the uncertainty that this may be one’s last Ramadan. And we just welcomed Ramadan yesterday and it is about to depart and leave. So shall we bid Ramadan farewell with apathy, lethargy, looking for it to end, desiring to escape from the burden and get ridding oneself of the restrictions? Or shall we bid Ramadan farewell like the men of understanding and the elite of Allah’s creation? Those following the path of the pious predecessors and the best of this Ummah (nation). Those who combined diligence in carrying out and perfecting deeds with concern afterwards of their acceptance and fear of their rejection. They are like those about whom Allah Almighty said:

“And they who give what they give while their hearts are fearful because they will be returning to their Lord.” [Qur’an, 23: 60]

Aisha (RA) asked about this Qur’anic verse:

“Are they those who consume intoxicants and steal?” He said: “No, O daughter of As-Siddiq. They are those who fast, perform Salah, give charity while they fear that their Lord will not accept it from them: They are those who hasten to do good deeds, and they are the foremost in them.” [at-Tirmizi]

Their hearts are full of fear from their Lord. Fearing that their good deeds will be outweighed and that they will run out of good deeds. Fearing that they have not fulfilled the right of Allah Almighty due to their knowledge of their Lord and what He deserves of honour and glorification. They are afraid that when they return to their Lord what they did will not save them from the punishment of Allah. For the believer feels Allah’s grace upon him, and feels Allah’s favours in every breath and every pulse. Therefore the believer feels that his level of worship and acts of obedience are insignificant in comparison to the favours of Allah Almighty. Imam Hasan Al-Basri (rahimahullah) said:

“The believer combines doing good with fear, and the hypocrite combines sinning with feeling secure from the punishment of Allah.”

And the Prophet (Peace be upon him) taught us that the deeds are gauged by how they conclude:

“Indeed, (the rewards of) the deeds are by their conclusion.” [Bukhari]

For this reason, Sahl Bin Abdullah At-Tustari (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

“The truthful fear for the bad conclusion in every moment and in every movement.”

The pious predecessors used to strive in performing righteous deeds and upon performing them they were full of concern as to whether they would be accepted from them. They used to supplicate Allah for six months that they would realise the month of Ramadan. Then they supplicated to Allah for six months that He would accept it from them.

And it is important to give this matter the proper attention and not to be heedless of it. Ali Bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

“Be more concerned with your deeds being accepted than you are with the deed itself. Did you not hear words of Allah Almighty:

“Indeed, Allah only accepts from the righteous [who fear Him].” [Qur’an, 5:27]

And it was narrated from him, may Allah be pleased with him, that he used to call in the last night of Ramadan:

“If only I knew the accepted ones so that I could congratulate them and the deprived, so I could console them.”

They are deprived because they did not attain forgiveness in spite of the many means for forgiveness in Ramadan, such as fasting, praying, providing meals, charity, joining kinship, recitation of Qur’an, remembrance of Allah and other matters. Those missing out on being forgiven in Ramadan are truly deprived.

One of the greatest ways that a fasting person can bid farewell to Ramadan and conclude their fasting is reciting the phrase of Tauhid, La Illaha ila Lah (there is no rightly worshipped deity but Allah) and seeking forgiveness.

Ibn Rajab (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the phrase of Tauhid wipes out the sins and erases them without a sin remaining and necessitates liberation from the Fire. And whoever recites it sincerely, Allah will make the fire forbidden for him. As the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:

“If anybody comes on the Day of Resurrection who has said: La ilaha illal-lah, sincerely from his heart, seeking to attain Allah’s Pleasure, Allah will make the Hell-Fire forbidden for him.” [Bukhari]

As for requesting forgiveness, it is one of the greatest means of attaining forgiveness. For seeking forgiveness is a supplication, and the supplication of a fasting person is answered when he is fasting and when he breaks his fast. And Allah combined the word of Tauhid and forgiveness in the verse:

“So know, [O Muhammad], that there is no deity except Allah and ask forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and believing women.” [Qur’an, 47: 19]

And all good deeds are concluded by seeking forgiveness.  Prayer, the Hajj (pilgrimage) and the night prayers are concluded with seeking forgiveness. And the gatherings are adjourned by seeking forgiveness.

And the Caliph Umar Bin Abdul’aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, wrote a letter to the people of the villages, commanding them to conclude Ramadan by seeking forgiveness and offering Zakatul-Fitr. He wrote in his letter:

“Say as your father Adam, peace be upon him, said: “They said, “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.” [Qur’an, 7: 23] And say as Ibrahim, peace be upon him, said: “And who I aspire that He will forgive me my sin on the Day of Recompense.” [Qur’an, 26:82] And say as Nuh, peace be upon him, said: “And unless You forgive me and have mercy upon me, I will be among the losers.” [Qur’an, 11:47] And say as Musa, peace be upon him, said: “My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me.” [Qur’an, 28:16] And say as Yunus, peace be upon him, said: “There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers.” [Qur’an, 21:87].”

Seeking forgiveness is most beneficial when accompanied with sincere repentance. For the one who only seeks forgiveness with his tongue and is determined to return to sinning after the month of Ramadan, is not seeking forgiveness in reality. Rather he is only deceiving himself and following the steps of shaitan.

And from the greatest ways of concluding Ramadan is by asking Allah for paradise and seeking refuge in Him from the fire. Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:

“What do you say during your prayer?” He said: “I recite the Tashahhud then I say: I ask you for Paradise and seek refuge with You from the Fire. But, by Allah, I am not able to invoke like you and Mu’az. Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: What we invoke revolves around that (requesting Paradise and seeking refuge from Hell).” [Abi Dawud]

And since the fasting person anticipates that his supplication will be answered, especially when he breaks his fast, he should supplicate for the most important matters and comprehensively for all goodness.

Allah Almighty commanded exalting and thanking Him upon completing Ramadan. Allah the Most High said:

“And [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.” [Qur’an, 2:185]

So be conscious of Allah and bid farewell to Ramadan in the best fashion. And conclude it with goodness for the deeds are gauged by their conclusion. And take advantage of what remains, for it is only a few nights and days. So bid farewell with good deeds that will be the best witness for you on the day that you stand before Allah, Glory be to Him, a day when neither wealth nor children will benefit except for those who come to Allah with a sound heart.

Dear Muslim brothers and sisters! As one bids farewell to Ramadan, he must remember that the doors of goodness opened in Ramadan are not closed with its departure. And that the arenas of obedience are not closed by Ramadan ending. Even though the fasting of Ramadan is coming to a close, the worship of fasting remains. There is the fasting of the six days of Shawwal. The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) explained that fasting them after Ramadan is like fasting for the entire year. And there is fasting on Mondays and Thursdays of every week, and fasting the 13th, 14th and 15th of every month, and fasting on the day of Arafah and fasting on Ashurah, and fasting in the month of Muharram, which is the best fasting after Ramadan, as the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) informed.

And as the night prayer of Ramadan nears its end, we must remember that this great and blessed worship remains without end. And the Messenger of Allah informed us that the night prayer is the best prayer after the obligatory prayer and it has generous rewards. For the successful are those who continue with the goodness initiated in Ramadan. And there is no end to the deeds of the believer aside from death. As the Almighty Allah said:

“And worship your Lord until there comes to you the certainty [i.e., death].” [Qur’an, 15:99]

I ask Allah Almighty to grant us success in concluding Ramadan in the best possible fashion and to help us sustain the momentum throughout the year. Indeed Allah is All Hearing, Answering.

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All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all creation; may Allah extol the mention of our noble Prophet Muhammad in the highest company of Angels, bless him and give him peace and security―and his family, his Companions and all those who follow him correctly and sincerely until the establishment of the Hour.

Murtadha Muhammad Gusau is the Chief Imam of Nagazi-Uvete Jumu’ah and the late Alhaji Abdur-Rahman Okene’s Mosques, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria. He can be reached via: gusauimam@gmail.com or +2348038289761.

This Jumu’ah Khutbah (Friday sermon) was prepared for delivery today Friday, Ramadan 16, 1444 AH (April 07, 2023).

Friday Sermon

Sermon urging the approach of rapprochement between the doctrines of scholars and preachers and unifying their ranks

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Sermon urg
Delivered by:
His Eminence Imam Sheikh Dr. Abdul Kadir Al
Salman Sholagberu
The Grand Sheikh of the Ilorin Emirate, Kwara state
Imam and Khateeb at the National Mosque in Nigeria
The first sermon
Praise be to Allah, praise befitting His majesty, greatness, and
actions in general and in detail. Praise be to Allah, who has
singled out some of His creatures for honor and glorification, out
of justice and preference. Praise be to Allah, who is glorified. He
has made the surging seas, the rushing clouds, and the soaring
eyes glorify and venerate Him. He has favoured some months
over others, and has recommended to His servants the
comprehensive aspects of His piety as a law and a completion. He
has included that in three verses. Whoever understands them,
adheres to them, preserves them, and applies them will succeed
in his worldly pursuits and enjoy the reward of his afterlife.
Whoever neglects them, procrastinates in them, and ignores
them will fall into the fire of Hell, banished and ill. Your Lord
Allah the Almighty says: (O you who have believed, fear Allah as
He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims.) (O
mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and
created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many
men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one
another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, an
Observer.) (O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak
words of appropriate justice. He will amend for you your deeds
and forgive your sins, and for whoever obeys Allah and His
Messenger has certainly achieved a great victory). I bear
witness that there is no god but Allah alone, without partner, and
I bear witness that our master, the joy of our eyes, and our
intercessor on the Day of Resurrection, Abu al-Qasim, the
husband of the mothers of the believers, the seal of the prophets,
the mine of secrets, the source of lights, the light of hearts, and
the medicine of bodies, Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, is His servant and messenger. O Allah, bless and grant him peace. And upon his family, his companions, and those
who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment..
Servants of Allah, Fear Allah as He should be feared. Fear
Allah in what is permissible, fear Allah in what is forbidden, fear
Allah in what is allowed, and fear Allah in what is doubtful.
Servants of Allah,With the advent of this blessed month,
Shaaban al-Khair, there appear and shade us with breaths of faith,
which every soul humbled before its Lord awaits and waits for.
Breaths in which Muslims acquire and imitate the morals of
angels. Breaths in which the principle of the scholars of
monotheism is true: if reasons (to do)are weak, and the deed(sins)
is done, the burden is made great, and punishment doubled, (but)
and if reason (to do) are strong, and the deed is neglected, the
benefit is made great, and reward doubled.
Servants of Allah,It’s from tracking, extrapolation and
sampling To the texts, you can hardly find a ritual of the rituals
of Islam except that it is preceded and advanced by what is known
as a form of ihramٍ, or more precisely, her key. And ihram and
the key of Hajj Talbiyah on the Day of Tarwiyah, and Ihram
And the keyFor those who want to offer a sacrifice, is to refrain
from cutting their nails or cutting their hair, except in cases of necessity, according to the most correct of the jurists’ opinions,
and the Ihram And the key to obligatory Prayers, is ablution and
purification, and ihram And the key to Acceptance of deeds, is
sincerity and following the Book and Sunnah, as well, -the
servants of God-, the Ihram and the key to the holy month of
Ramadan is the blessed month of Sha’ban, which We live its
atmosphere and breathe its fragrance(And whoever honors the
symbols of God – indeed, it is from the piety of hearts) Al-J/32.
Servants of Allah,It is not hidden from us and from you what
is customary in this month From exchanging criticisms and
insults, conflicting opinions of scholars, and social media being
filled with superficial, unfounded research, everyone’s holding
firmly onto his knowledge, party and opinion, some Muslims in
these blessed lands, when entering such a month and other
Islamic months, such asِRabi’ al-Awwal and Rabi’ al-Thaniand
Rajab, And Shaaban And even Ramadan fills the atmosphere
with differences. And in Rabi’ al-Awwal and Rabi’ al-Thani, is
it permissible to celebrate the birth of the Prophet, may God bless
him and grant him peace? In Rajab, they differ as to whether it is
permissible to fast or not. In this month, Sha’ban is also
mentioned.َIsn’t it an innovation to perform the night prayer?َThe middle of ShaabanَDid the Prophet, may God bless him and grant
him peace, fast all of Shaban? Or most of it? Is it permissible to
allocate the second half of Sha’ban for fasting? Is it true that fates
change on the night of the middle of Sha’ban? So speak and do
not be embarrassed. These differences have caused estrangement
and animosity, the consequences of which only Allah knows.
How many opportunities have they delayed and missed for
Muslims that only Allah knows!!
Preachers of the nation,Is it reasonable what is happening
between our Islamic parties of hateful gangs, severe disputes,
bitter enmities, and mutual slander, as if we are of conflicting
religions and contradictory doctrines?
Scholars of the nation,Advocates of sects, have you forgotten
or pretended to forget that society does not witness theّprogress
of her people, people will not be happy, nor will they be
successful in progress and development, except through your
unity, except through your righteousness, except through your
rapprochement, except through your following the approach of
rapprochement between the religious sects and parties present in
the state. Scholars of the nation,What we have seen in Rabi al-Awwal
and Rabi’ al-Thani and In Rajab, and what we are seeing now of
conflicting scientific messages, everyone criticizes those who
disagree with him. By God, they are nothing more than
differences in the deduction of scholars regarding the optional
and voluntary acts of religion. The rules related to the optional
act, whether it is an absolute or restricted optional act, are not
hidden from you. The rights of God – as you know – are based
on forgiveness. The optional act is broader than the obligatory
act. The acts of worship that come in various forms may be
performed in those forms without any dislike. If two matters of
the same type come together and their intended meaning does
not differ, one of them usually enters into the other. The last
point is that there is no denial in a place of disagreement.It is also
not hidden from you that one of the main reasons for the
emergence of differences among scholars after ignorance of
religion, loss of foundation, and Satan’s embellishment is the fifth
type, the states of the word with the meaning, which is the
commonalities in their types or the faces and counterparts,
whether it is a noun, verb, or letter. The Qur’an has used
commonalities, and the Prophet, may God bless him and granthim peace, used them all to be a field.َJurists ponder their
deductions and the reasons for their differences in ruling on legal
details.
Scholars of the nation, preachers of Islam,Why do we fight,
quarrel and exchange words over matters and details that do not
matter? And are not even obligations. It is true that scholars
differ, butThey do not envy or quarrel with each other. Ibn al-
Jawzi was right when he said: “I contemplated the envy among
scholars, and I saw that its origin is the love of this world. The
scholars of the Hereafter love each other and do not envy each
other, as God Almighty said: “And they do not find in their
hearts any need for what they have been given…”And God is
trueIn his perfect revelation whereHe said:
(And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute
and [thus] become paralyzed and your strength departs,
and be patient. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.)Al-
Anfal/46
May Allah bless Abu al-Baqa al-Kafwi in his comprehensive
works when he distinguished between differences and
disagreemens, mentioning the differences between them:
“differences is that in which the intention is the same and the way to reach it differs, and disagreements is that in which the
intention differs from the path leading to it. Differences is that
which is based on evidence, while disagreements is not based on
evidence. One of the effects of differences is mercy, while one of
the effects of disagreements is innovation and division. If a judge
rules on it and it is referred to someone else, it is not permissible
to annul it, while disagreements is permissible to annul it because
it occurred in a place where ijtihad is not permissible, which is
that which contradicts the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and consensus.
The conclusion in all of this is that if disagreement occurs in what
is permissible, it is called differences, and if it occurs in what is
not permissible, it is called disagreements.” End of his words,
may Allah have mercy on him.
Preachers of the nation,With all that we have mentioned
above, no preacher with a conscience alive ّ with His only
concern being to call people to God, will let the aforementioned
matters go beyond differences to disagreement.“And if your
Lord had willed, He could have made mankind one community;
but they will not cease to differ, except whom your Lord has
given mercy. And for that He created them…” Al-Hud/ 118-
119. O servants of Allah, prices have gone up and up, so lower them
by sincerely repenting, turning to Allah, and seeking forgiveness
from your Forgiving and Merciful Lord. Pray and send peace and
blessings upon your beloved Muhammad, may God bless him
and grant him peace. Your Lord has commanded you to do so,
starting with Himself and then mentioning His angels. He asked
you to do so and said: “O you who believe, pray upon him and
greet him with peace.”
The second sermon
Scholars of the nation,Yes, we differ, and difference is not
reprehensible, but disagreement is reprehensible. If we review
our glorious history, we discover that it is full with the differences
of Muslim jurists from the era of our Prophet Muhammad, may
God bless him and grant him peace, and the era of the
Companions, and throughout the ages, until difference (which is
religions and sects) became a science that is studied and taught in
the faculties of Sharia.
Scholars of the nation,The difference occurred in an era that
we cannot imagine happening, which is the era of the Prophet,
may God bless him and grant him peace, and its images are not hidden from you, and the differences of the Companions after his
death, may God bless him and grant him peace, are not hidden
from you, as well as the differences of the followers and the
imams of the schools of thought, but they all avoided
disagreement, and I am not here in the space to list these
differences.
Scholars of the nation, it is time to unite ranks, an era of
rapprochement between parties and sects, no party is better than
the other, remember your Prophet, may God bless him and grant
him peace, who said: “If a man says, ‘People are doomed,’ then
he is the most doomed of them.” Narrated by Muslim. And may
God bless the one who said:
If God wants a nation to awaken, He inspires it with the
awakening of individuals.
Therefore, our preachers must clarify the path before taking it,
and become aware of it. They should clear the way before
entering, and light up with the lamp before night time.
Preachers of the nation,Why do some of us collect flimsy,
unfounded evidence?ّ For him, he convinces himself of its
correctness and the error of others, forgetting the words of God
Almighty: “Say: Shall We inform you of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds? Those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while
they think that they are acquiring good in work.” (Al-Kahf
104/103), and the words of God Almighty:
“Is he for whom the evil of his deed has been made
attractive so he regards it as good? Indeed, Allah leaves
astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. So let
not your soul perish over them in regret. Indeed, Allah is
Knowing of what they do.”Fater: 8.
Scholars of the nation,Why don’t we excuse each other, learn
from each other, and forgive each other!! Isn’t it correct
according to Sharia and belief, or is it not among the established
principles of religion, that we cite the words of someone who has
made a mistake? And if our answer is “No” and that it is not
permissible!! Then you should not benefit from the knowledge
of many of the scholars of Islam, nor from the authentication of
the hadiths of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him) by these scholars, such as Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani,
Imam Muhyi Al-Din Al-Nawawi, Jalal Al-Din Al-Suyuti, Ibn
Al-Jawzi, and Al-Haythami. You should also boycott their
books such as “Fath Al-Bari”, “Sharh Muslim”, “Fayd Al-
Qadir”, etc. And if you do this, then peace be upon Islam!! Preachers of the nation,Cast hatred behind you, and follow
the path of the great imams in exchange, taking and giving. Look
at Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and his students citing the
statements of those who had some innovations and some errors,
so they cited the statements of al-Juwayni, Ibn Hazm, al-Ghazali,
and others, may God have mercy on them all.
My fellow preachers,The truth is accepted from any source,
and whoever says it. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings
be upon him, accepted the truth brought by Satan in reciting
Ayat al-Kursi before sleeping. The Messenger, peace and
blessings be upon him, cited the words of the poet Labid when
he was an unbeliever: “Behold, everything except Allah is false.”
So if the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, accepted
from Satan and cited the words of an unbeliever… then what
about a Muslim who has made a mistake! Why do you hate and
criticize him just because he does not follow your school of
thought, and it may even go so far as to expel him from the
religion!! What will you say to “There is no god but Allah” when
it comes to you on the Day of Judgment?
My brothers in the call, feel your responsibilities, and diagnose
yourselves in a way that befits your position. There you will discover that you are the core of society, and that you are its
pivot. You are like teachers in schools and doctors in hospitals.
Without you, society would not be a society. From you, to you,
in you, and with you will come the advancement and progress of
society. It is time for you – may God protect you – to rearrange
the papers of the call, unifying the ranks, and bringing together
the parties and religious sects (Has not the time come for those
who have believed that their hearts should become humbly
submissive at the remembrance of God and what has come down
of the truth? And they will not be like those who were given the
Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their
hearts hardened, and many of them are wicked) Al-Hadid/16
My fellow scholars… Excuse me, perhaps I have hurt you, but do
we let the patient not take medicine for fear of disturbing him??!!
And do we leave the wound without stitches for fear of causing
him pain??!! So excuse me, O preachers, if I have hurt you, for
you know that the skillful, honest, and firm doctor is the one
who cuts open the stomach of the afflicted, cuts off the hand of
the leper, and stitches the wounds of the wounded, and does not
pay attention to groans or heed to screams. May God bless the
one who said: If the wound heals on corruption # It shall be known of it
neglect of The doctor
If the wound heals on corruption # the sickness will spread to
the patient’s stomach.
Servants of Allah,Make up for what you owe from the past
Ramadan in these blessed days, honor the awaited guest, and hide
from him what is not befitting of chivalry, and hide grudges,
hatred, lies, hypocrisy, drinking alcohol, adultery,
embezzlement, and false reports. May God let me and you reach
Ramadan, accept our offerings in it, and may God return it to us
and to you for many years and times.

#
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Friday Sermon

Friday Sermon: To Our Brothers Who Misunderstood Shari’ah إلى اخواننا الذين لم يفهموا الشريعة

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By Imam Murtadha Gusau
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
All thanks and praise are due to Allah, from Whom we seek help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evils of ourselves and the evil consequences of our deeds. Whoever Allah guides will never be misled and whoever strays from Him will never find a guide. I bear witness that there is no god except Allah. Likewise, I bear witness that Muhammad is the servant and the
Messenger of Allah.
Dear brothers and sisters! Let our brothers who misunderstood Shari’ah know that Shari’ah is the way of peace, unity, mercy and happiness, and the word Shari’ah refers to the entire religion of Islam, which Allah chose for mankind, to lead them forth from the depths of darkness to the light. It is what He has prescribed for them and explained to them of commands and prohibitions, halal and haram.
The one who follows the Shari’ah of Allah, regarding as permissible what He has permitted and regarding as prohibited what He has prohibited, will attain triumph and success.
The one who goes against the Shari’ah of Allah is exposing himself to Allah’s wrath, anger and punishment.
Allah the Almighty says:
“Then We put you, [O Muhammad], on an ordained way concerning the matter [of religion]; so follow it and do not follow the inclinations of those who do not know.” [Qur’an, 45:18]
Imam Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“The word Shari’ah refers to what Allah has prescribed for people regarding matters of religion, and what He has commanded them to adhere to of prayer, fasting, Hajj and so on. It is the shir‘ah (the place in the river where one may drink).” [See Al-Ayn, volume 1, page 253, see also as-Sihah by al-Jawhari, volume 3, page 1236]
Imam Ibn Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“Shari’ah is what Allah, may He be exalted, prescribed on the lips of His Prophet (Peace be upon him) with regard to religion, and on the lips of the Prophets (Peace be upon them) who came before him. The ruling of the abrogating text is to be regarded as the final ruling.”
The linguistic origin of the term Shari’ah refers to the place in which a rider is able to come and drink water, and the place in the river where one may drink. Allah the Most High says:
“He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Nuh (Noah) and that which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what We enjoined upon Ibrahim (Abraham) and Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus) – to establish the religion and not be divided therein. Difficult for those who associate others with Allah is that to which you invite them. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back [to Him].” [Qur’an, 42:13]
Shaikhul Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“Man has no right to go against Shari’ah in any of his affairs; rather everything that is good for him and his well being is referred to in Shari’ah, whether it has to do with his major issues or minor issues, in all his situations and actions, in his interactions and dealings with other people, and so on. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds. The reason for that is that Shari’ah means obedience to Allah and His Messenger, and those in authority (leaders) among us. Allah the Almighty says: “O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you.” [Qur’an, 4:58] He has enjoined obedience to Him and obedience to His Messenger in many verses of the Qur’an, and He has forbidden disobedience to Him and disobedience to His Messenger. He has promised His good pleasure, forgiveness, mercy and Paradise in return for obedience to Him and obedience to His Messenger, and He has warned of the opposite of that in return for disobedience to Him and disobedience to His Messenger. Therefore everyone, whether he is a scholar, leader, devoted worshipper, or individual involved in dealings and transactions with others, must obey Allah and His Messenger in whatever he is doing, whether it is teaching and learning, judging, enjoining what is good or forbidding what is evil, doing any deed, doing an act of worship, or anything else. The true meaning of Shari’ah is following the messengers and obeying them, but going against Shari’ah means going against obedience to the messengers, and obedience to the messengers is the religion of Allah.” [See Majmu‘u Fatawa, volume 19, page 309]
The scholars of the Permanent Committee said:
“Shari’ah is that with which Allah sent down His Books and sent His messengers to people, so that they would put it into practice by way of worshipping Allah and seeking to draw close to Him, in accordance with what the messengers (Peace be upon all of them) enjoined. The right way to be followed is what is in accordance with this; in other words, what is in accordance with the instructions of Allah Who sent it down to the last of His messengers, Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as He said: “And, [moreover], this is My path, which is straight, so follow it; and do not follow [other] ways, for you will be separated from His way.” [Qur’an, 6:153] And it is what is in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace be upon him): “My Ummah will split into seventy-three sects, all of whom will be in the Fire except one.” It was said: Who are they, O Messenger of Allah? He said: “Those who follow the path that I and my Companions follow.” [See Fatawa Lajnah ad-Daimah, volume 2, page 219]
Respected brothers and sisters! Also let our brothers understand that the Islamic law, known as the Shari’ah, is the framework of ultimate reality and the ethical guidance that Muslim scholars have derived from the direct Revelation of Allah to man. Although Allah reveals the pattern of ultimate truth indirectly through the workings of the physical universe and in the observable nature of man, the ultimate source of knowledge about both physical and metaphysical reality – and therefore the ultimate source of the Shari’ah – is the Qur’an. This divine text was revealed directly in human language to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), and is exemplified in the Sunnah, which reports the Prophet’s understanding of this Final Revelation as shown through his words and deeds.
All Revelation to the Jewish Prophets and to Jesus is binding on Muslims unless specifically abrogated in the Qur’an. The Shari’ah is a specific form of the shar’ or path to Allah which the Qur’an states was revealed to all the Prophets of the Abrahamic succession.
Since the major purpose of Islamic law is to guide man’s search for truth, Shari’ah touches on both transcendent and material experience. All aspects of every person’s spiritual understandings and undertakings, which come under the rubric of purification, or tazkiyyah, should be consciously subject to the reality-check of Islamic law. This deeply spiritual nature of the Shari’ah provides the perspective for understanding and acting in accordance with the ethical or moral standards that the creator (Allah) has provided to guide every person’s and community’s relations with other humans and with the rest of Creation. The Shari’ah therefore provides the ultimate criteria for judgment on every aspect of one’s individual and social life.
The process of gaining knowledge of Islam through jurisprudence, and the body of legal advisements so derived, is known as fiqh. The Shari’ah consists both of specific rules and regulations, known as ahkam, which are the subject of istifta, or fiqh analysis, and of general principles induced by scholars over many centuries from study of the Qur’an, Sunnah, and their application in everyday life.
The specific directives in the Qur’an focus primarily on the elements of formal worship known as the five pillars of Islam, because man cannot reason to this knowledge alone. These elements consist of the profession of faith, including the aqidah or articles of faith common to all Abrahamic religions; and the rules for the five daily prayers, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
The general principles of Islamic law, also known as universals (kulliyat), essentials (daruriyat), and goals (maqasid), are derived by a system of reasoning known as istislah, which focuses on the common good of mankind. This system of thought, in turn, is part of the broader field of study known as usulul fiqh, or study of the sources of fiqh Analysis of the general principles of Islarnic law through the use of intellectual effort, known as ijtihad, gives meaning to the specific directives and also provides guidance on all aspects of Muslim life in the variable contexts of time and place. Islamic law thereby gives living expression to an elaborate science and art of interpreting and applying the injunctions of the Qur’an and the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). The development of an integrated and adaptable legal system which focuses on what is best for mankind as a whole is one of the most outstanding achievements of Muslim jurists (Fuqaha). The methodology of Islamic jurisprudence asserts that any ruling in the fiqh has meaning only to the extent that we can understand its rationale or higher purpose.
The dignity of man derives from his acceptance, before the Creator of the Universe, of the responsibility to know right from wrong and to be a steward of the universe charged with caring for it and guiding it in accordance with the Divine Will. No beings in either the physical or metaphysical worlds have such a sublime responsibility.
The rights of the human person and community derive from this responsibility, because every person and community must be free to carry out this stewardship. Every man and every woman, every Arab and every Jew, and every rich person and every poor person are equal in their responsibility to Allah and therefore in their dignity and in their human rights.
Islamic law focuses on human responsibility, because a focus on human rights can devolve into the selfishness of seeking to maximize one’s own freedom to do whatever one wants at the expense of others. If everyone would fulfill all of his or her responsibilities, individually and collectively, then everyone would be accorded the full range of human rights.
The scholars of Islam, have identified a half dozen overarching responsibilities, though some scholars will condense these to five or expand the number by elevating a secondary responsibility to the level of the universal or essential. The first three concern the essentials of life itself, whereas the next three concern the quality of life.
The first three essential areas of responsibility or duty in Islamic law are:
1. Respect for life, or “the right to life” known as haqqul hayat, This requires not merely respect for the unborn after the spirit or ruh has been breathed into the fetus, but also such social duties as respect for non-belligerents in war and the use of dispute settling mechanisms whenever possible to avoid violence that might threaten the lives of oneself or others. Respect for life requires most basically an understanding that lasting peace can result only from justice, and that therefore stability should be sought as the by-product of sound foreign policy rather than as its direct aim. Similarly, crime should be combated primarily by addressing the causes rather than the results of the criminal mentality.
2. Respect for community, or right to one’s identity as a member of a family, community, or nation, known as haqqul nasl. This focus on the family, and more broadly on expanding circles of community to include mankind and even all sentient beings in the universe, is unique to Islamic law, because it implies that sovereignty lies not in the extent of a country’s or a government’s power, as it does in Euro-American international law, but in the inherent dignity of the human person in community. This acknowledgment of the inherent right of the person to live in a series of legally recognised communities permits several levels of sovereignty, all subject to the highest sovereignty of Allah, and contrasts with the concept of exclusive sovereignty found in the so-called “nation-state” of the mid-twentieth century.
3. Respect for free, private enterprise, with broad capital ownership, known as haqqul mal. The principle of freedom for individual persons to own the means of production has been basic in all Islamic scholarship until the twentieth century. Unfortunately, the principle of equal opportunities to own capital or the tools of production has been largely ignored for over a thousand years because various “leaders” understood that concentrated political power requires concentrated property ownership. Denial of access to capital ownership in a capital-intensive economy can amount to the denial of the right to life itself. Therefore all institutions that work in practice to concentrate ownership, including the financing of economic growth through the use of interest rather than by risk-sharing in joint-ownership, are “illegal,” that is, morally illegitimate, in Islamic law.
The next three of the universals, essentials, or purposes of Islamic law, which concern the quality of life, are:
4. Political self-determination, or haqqul hurriyah. This is usually known as “the right to political freedom.” Islamically, however, this term emphasises the responsibility of both the ruled and the rulers to establish permanent institutions designed to facilitate broad-based political participation by every member of a polity in its governance so that they can help determine their own immediate well-being and long-run destiny.
This universal, like each of the other five, contains a second-order level of responsibilities that serve to elucidate and carry out the primary responsibility. In the context of political self- determination, this next lower level of responsibility, known as hadyiyat, consists of ijma, which is the duty of the governed to reach consensus on critical issues, and shurah, which is the duty of the leader to be responsive to this consensus. In a complex society, this might be accomplished best by using a concept of a hierarchy of assemblies that culminate in a national parliament.
The third necessary element in the system of government prescribed in Islamic law, in addition to the executive and legislative, is an independent judiciary charged with applying the principles of Islamic law, especially as they are spelled out in a formal constitution covering the organs, methods, and principles of governance chosen by the legislature. The judicial area of government is designed to limit both the ruled and the ruler so that the ultimate sovereign, both in theory and in fact, will be Allah.
5. Dignity, known as haqqul karama. The duty to respect human dignity is at the core of all Islamic law, because the essential purpose of the Shari’ah is to help persons acknowledge and deepen their relationship to Allah and express this higher level of being especially in their relationships with each other. There are two major parts of this fifth universal principle of Islamic law.
The most important aspect of the principle of dignity is the duty to respect each person’s need to seek and worship Allah in his or her own way. This is known in Western thought as “freedom of religion.” In both traditional Islamic and traditional American thought, this most essential element of the dignity of man requires that the government avoid any sectarian bias in carrying out its duty to facilitate freedom of religion in public affairs.
Another aspect of this principle of dignity, which is second in importance only because it is so often ignored, is “gender equality.” Whereas the Prophet Muharnmad (Peace be upon him) and the Islamic teachings of the Prophetic period were breathtakingly revolutionary in recognising the divinely ordained rights and responsibilities of women in society, the practice of later Muslims degenerated to the level of their neighbours and has largely remained at this level while the rest of the world has begun to understand and share the sophistication of the original Islamic heritage.
Islamic law recognises a greater responsibility of wife and mother to care for the home and children, and a greater responsibility of the husband and father to support the family. The family, however, is a mutual support group, whereby all responsibilities are held in common through the principle of collective responsibility, or fard kifayah. It follows from this that if any duty is not being adequately met, each member has a personal responsibility, or fard ain, to do whatever is required to fulfill that duty, whether it be the husband washing dishes or the wife working outside the home.
Similarly, to the extent that home duties and the work of financial support for the family have been satisfactorily accomplished, both husband and wife have equal responsibility to participate in social and political leadership when needed for the good of the community and even to accept the highest judicial, legislative, executive, or entrepreneurial position in the land if it is offered. There the criterion for judgment is not women’s rights or men’s rights, but individual responsibility. Gender is irrelevant when the issue is personal responsibility to meet the needs of society in accordance with the requirements of Islamic law.
6. Knowledge, or haqqul ilm. A key to success in every aspect of private and public life is the duty to pursue knowledge. Since the highest purpose of every person is spiritual understanding, freedom to pursue the path of spiritual knowledge is paramount. We were created, however, as humans not as angels, so we have a duty to pursue whatever knowledge is useful to us individually and collectively in carrying out our responsibilities: to help the marginalised in society, to promote justice among people and nations, to multiply the material bounties of Allah, to work constructively in the political process, to participate with people of other faiths in addressing all the problems of society, and otherwise fulfilling all the requirements placed upon us by Islamic law.
The duty to respect knowledge goes beyond the negative task of protecting freedom of thought and expression, limited only by the duties to respect human dignity, and extends to the positive obligation of every person to learn as much as one can throughout one’s life in order to fulfill the purpose for which one was created.
The nature and specific obligations inherent in Islamic law make it not only unique among mankind’s legal systems but the best suited as the paradigm of thought within which all religions and all peoples can cooperate in building a better world.
Lastly, I ask Allah the Almighty to reform all our affairs, to provide us with strong will to change our situation for the better and to provide the entire Ummah with glory, strength and unity. I ask Him also to accept our deeds, prayers, and supplications.
I also pray, may the Almighty Allah remove all our tears, all our worries, all our sorrows and all our pains and replace them with complete happiness, complete smiles and complete good health, ameen Ya Mujib!
All perfect praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. May the peace, blessings and salutations of Allah be upon our noble Messenger, Muhammad (Peace be upon him), and upon his family, his Companions and his true followers.
Murtadha Muhammad Gusau is the Chief Imam of: Nagazi-Uvete Jumu’ah Mosque; and Late Alhaji Abdur-Rahman Okene Mosque, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria. He can be reached via: gusauimam@gmail.com; or +2348038289761.
This Friday sermon (Jumu’ah Khutbah) was prepared for delivery today Friday, Sha’aban 08, 1446 AH (February 07, 2025).

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Friday Sermon

Friday Sermon: America/California/Los Angeles Wildfires; A Great Message To The World!

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By Imam Murtadha Gusau
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
Praise belongs to Allah alone; peace and blessing on the last Prophet, his family and his Companions.
Dear brothers and sisters! Allah the Most High says:
“And we send not the signs except to warn, and to make people afraid (of destruction).” [Qur’an, 17: 59]
Respected servants of Allah! The 2025 American/California/Los Angeles wildfires have been unprecedented in their scale and devastation, marking one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in U.S. history.
These fires have ravaged over 40,000 to 80,000 acres, resulting in at least 25 fatalities and the destruction of thousands of structures.
Lives have been lost and disrupted, and thousands of homes and businesses have been destroyed as wind-whipped wildfires continue to burn around Los Angeles a week after they began. Mental health professionals expect emotional and psychological wounds will endure long after the blazes have been extinguished.
Fires continue to burn as millions of people remain under an extreme fire weather alert. The Palisades Fire and the Eaton Fire have already flattened entire neighbourhoods in Los Angeles, leaving nothing but outlines and ash where homes once stood. It is expected that this will all amount to the worst natural disaster in American history in terms of cost and scale.
These fires raise major questions about the future of Los Angeles, who is to blame, insurance and just how prepared they are for worsening fires and other climate change-fuelled disasters.
The fires are a national disaster of epic proportions. City officials, California Governor Gavin Newsom and President-elect Donald Trump have traded accusations about what caused this crisis.
Dear servants of Allah! We have witnessed firsthand the devastating impact of natural disasters. The massive wildfires that have ravaged America serve as a stark reminder of the power of Allah and the fragility of human life. These events have sparked conversations about whether natural disasters are divine punishment or if they hold a deeper, more personal significance for humanity.
In Islamic thought, the notion of natural disasters as divine punishment is a recurring theme, particularly in stories of earlier nations in the noble Qur’an. However, with the advent of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), many scholars believe that collective punishment in its classical sense no longer applies. Instead, natural calamities are understood through the lenses of divine mercy, tests, and individual accountability.
One perspective stems from the Qur’anic principle that divine punishment is preceded by Prophetic warnings. Allah the Most High says:
“We would not punish until We had sent a messenger.” [Qur’an, 17:15]
Islamic scholars suggest that with the completion of the Prophet Muhammad’s mission, humanity has been given a universal and enduring guide to righteousness in the noble Qur’an. This shifts the focus from collective punishment to individual and communal responsibility for navigating moral and ethical challenges.
The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is described in the noble Qur’an as a Rahmatan Lil-alameen (mercy to the worlds), emphasizing divine mercy. His saying: “Allah’s mercy outstrips His wrath.” [Muslim], reinforces this understanding. Many scholars argue that calamities now reflect divine wisdom as tests or reminders rather than direct retribution.
The Qur’an further supports this view, stating:
“Whatever misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned. And He pardons much.” [Qur’an, 42:30]
Natural disasters can be seen as consequences of human actions, such as environmental neglect, rather than explicit divine punishment. The principle of individual accountability, “No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another.” [Qur’an, 6:164], highlights the shift from collective to personal responsibility.
Nevertheless, some scholars maintain that disasters serve as warnings about societal immorality. The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said:
“When obscenity and immorality spread among a people… plagues and diseases that were never known among their predecessors will spread among them.” [Ibn Majah]
These interpretations view disasters as opportunities for repentance and spiritual growth.
Understanding natural disasters requires balancing theological insights with compassion and action. Whether seen as tests, reminders, or consequences, such events call for reflection, moral accountability, and a collective commitment to justice and mercy. In doing so, we can align ourselves with the divine mercy that is central to Prophet Muhammad’s (Peace be upon him) mission and respond to challenges with resilience and faith.
Allah has sent some kind of wildfire or forest fire in Los Angeles of American that they have never seen before and without such sense the fire is increasing as if it being inserted, it has consumed houses only Allah knows how many houses of dollars have gone, everything has stopped in the city many people have fled refugee camps.
See how the city of Los Angeles, which is one of the largest cities in the world, woke up to a drought in less than two days.
Surely power is only belongs to Lillahi Wahidul Qahhar.
The fires in Los Angeles are still burning as I write this. The loss of property, the disruption and loss of lives, and the trauma these fires created are horrendous.
Ya Allah protect your righteous servants whenever they are in the world.
May Allah save those righteous servants affected from the wildfire calamity and make us learn lessons and correct our ways, ameen.
Lastly, I pray, may the Almighty Allah remove all our tears, all our worries, all our sorrows and all our pains and replace them with complete happiness, complete smiles and complete good health, ameen Ya Mujib!
All perfect praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. May the peace, blessings and salutations of Allah be upon our noble Messenger, Muhammad (Peace be upon him), and upon his family, his Companions and his true followers.
Murtadha Muhammad Gusau is the Chief Imam of: Nagazi-Uvete Jumu’ah Mosque; and Late Alhaji Abdur-Rahman Okene Mosque, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria. He can be reached via: gusauimam@gmail.com; or +2348038289761.
This Friday sermon (Jumu’ah Khutbah) was prepared for delivery today Friday, 17 Rajab, 1446 AH (January 17, 2024).

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