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Opinion

Journalism, PR, and Cash for Coverage: Matters Arising

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By Dr. Marcel Mbamalu

 

 

SIMPLE CONTEXTUAL DEFINITIONS

 

Who is a Journalist?

For the purpose of this discussion, a journalist can be described as a  person who collects, writes, photographs, processes, edits, or comments on news or other topical information to the public.

 

A Journalist’s work is called journalism (Wikipedia). A journalist must, in line with professional ethics, be accurate and fair. The journalist seeks Truth and reports it. He must be honest and courageous in gathering, reporting and interpreting information…and should take responsibility for the accuracy of his work (SPJ Code of Ethics, revised September 6, 2014)

 

 

Public Relations/ Practitioner

 

The professional maintenance of a favorable public image by a company, organization, or a famous person. The PR profession ensures a company, or organization or famous person maintains good records in the public eye. The PR practitioner helps people, organizations to gain public acceptance by explaining the aims, objectives, and methods of their organization and by building and maintaining a favorable image     (https://gostudy.net/occupation)

 

Cash for Coverage/ Brown Envelope Journalism

 

Cash for coverage or Brown Envelope Journalism (BEJ) refers to giving monetary inducement to journalists to encourage them to write positive stories, slant, or kill negative ones. Brown envelop as a term was first coined in 1994 after the UK political scandal (cash-for-questions-affair) in which The Guardian alleged that the owner of Harrods department store, Mohammed Al-Fayed, had paid a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons to ask a question using a brown-colored envelope for the transaction.

 

Journalistic parlance Brown Envelope has, over time, been used to describe monetary gifts concealed in brown envelopes and given to journalists during press briefings. In broader terms, Brown Envelope Syndrome (BES) refers to the potentiality of news sources (PR agents and/or their clients) giving, and journalists taking cash at press conferences or in the general course of their duty. It describes the propensity to give and take ‘bribes’ at any point in the value chain of journalistic sourcing and transmission of news content. So, BES as an expression in media practice can conveniently be used interchangeably with Cash for Coverage Syndrome (CFCs).

It’s a “syndrome” in the sense that giving and taking cash in the course of journalistic work manifests symptomatically and can consistently occur in varied but identifiable ways. The brown “envelope” could be in any color shade (white, green, or red), in naked cash or electronic form (bank transfers). Whatever color, form or means, Brown Envelopes, in the words of Dr. C Nwachukwu of the University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), represent any “temptation wrapped in money.”

On the whole, the impact of such ‘temptation’ on content creation, presentation and dissemination are real: The Mass Media audience, the ultimate king, are misled; credibility of news content and platform is compromised setting off the stage for perennial confidence crisis between the media platform and its audience. Loss of audience confidence leads to loss of patronage (business)…and jobs.

Imagine what could happen when an individual, group of individuals, politicians or government buys off an entire edition of a newspaper, a day’s program on Radio/Television or the entire Internet space and decides that no one reads, hears or sees a particular content or that they see it in predetermined modes! Worse still, the individual or group(s) could decide to let their ‘trusting’ readers, viewers and listeners see/hear only what’s convenient and let them wallow in darkness. It’s a matter of life and death for the entire information and communication space.

Yet, the audience knows better, always able to isolate the chaff from the kernel. The reason media businesses rise and fall on content, much more on the credibility of the content. Yes, Content is King! Remember Marshall McLuhan’s postulation: “The Medium is the Message.”

 

 

It’s not just Cash

Brown Envelope or Cash For Coverage syndrome is a cankerworm. It’s much more than giving or taking cash. If brown envelopes are meant to conceal inducements (the reason the envelopes are brown, not white, in the first place), then, other forms of gifts or inducements, not manifest in clear cash benefit but whose intention is to influence story slants or to curry the journalist’s friendship/sympathy when critical information is at stake, should also pass for “Brown Envelopes.”

Consider non-cash gifts like holiday trips abroad, free training for journalists, birthday gifts and cakes, etc. Will these seemingly harmless ‘gifts’ influence the journalist’s coverage and slant of stories, especially when they matter to the audience?

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Important gifts are no longer in brown envelopes; they are now in white ‘vessels’ to accomplish saintly ‘missions.’ If good journalism practice is anchored on Truth, Fairness, and Balance for credible information, education, and entertainment of the audience, any good gesture that seeks to influence good content creation and delivery is a cankerworm.

 

Cash for coverage Vs Journalism/PR Ethics

Journalism and Public Relations are complementary professions that profess truth and abhor distortion of information/communication. Cash for news coverage defies this basic principle. Among professionals, there is a general understanding that BES is very bad for good PR practice, much worse for good Journalism; it’s an unethical practice based on journalism and PR professional ethics. The Society for Professional Journalists (SPJ) has a Code of Ethics for members, the NUJ and Press Council also have a code of ethics, all aligning with good practice bordering on truthful, courageous, fairyland patriotic news reporting devoid of inducement. Yet, does the syndrome fester?

 

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ASK FOR CASH BEFORE COVERAGE?

 

Asking for gratification can be covert (complaints about distance and cost of transportation etc) or overt (declaring what it would cost to attend a press conference and/or to publish content therefrom). What do we make of previous scandals?

Reasons for BES among journalists and PR practitioners (What they say)

 

 

Issues about African culture of gift-giving

 

 

Nigerians believe in giving and receiving gifts formally and informally. Many say this is one of the major reasons why it’s difficult to tackle this in Nigeria.

 

Issues about PR &Journalism ideology

 

 

Do quacks truly exist in journalism and PR practice? Who truly is a journalist; the one who can write and speak impeccable English or the one who is trained, grounded, and certified on the basics of good journalism? Should Journalism and PR be different from other key professions like Medicine and Law? Can I, as a journalist be hired by a law firm to defend a client in court simply because I could argue very well? Can a good Television analyst perform a surgery on a patient because he does so with words? Not cast in iron, but these and many more are issues that perhaps, could rub off on efforts to find answers to questions under discussion. How many journalists and PR ‘agents’ ended up becoming who they are today because they could not find jobs in their disciplines after graduation?

 

Issues about Training and Retraining:

 

 

Knowledge and competence breed self-confidence and self-respect. Good retraining programs for certified members of a given profession help to engender self-confidence and mutual respect; hence, they will respect the code of ethics and overcome ‘temptations wrapped in money,’ especially in a fragile economy.

 

Issues about preaching professionalism in a fragile economy:

 

Is       Nigeria really among the poorest of the poorest countries? Does it have 20% (10.5 million) of the world’s out-of-school children? How many media organizations in Africa will survive the next 10 years? How many newspapers have an average of 200,000 print-run daily? How many of them have an average of five pages of adverts per day to stay afloat? What is the average take-home pay of Nigerian journalists? How media organizations in Nigeria pay salaries as and when due? Can we work to create saints in hell? How many oases of plenteous integrity can we find in a desert of need?

 

Yet, I see light at the end of the tunnel. There are a few Josephs, a few Daniels, a few Shedrack, Meshack, and Abadenego left!

 

On the PR side, do practitioners face pressure from employers and clients (PR)?

 

 

 

SOLUTIONS

 

Clear identity or ideology for PR and Journalism

 

Improvement in training and retraining, remuneration and reward for excellence

 

The salience of the recent unbundling of Mass Communication courses in universities to the rescue?

 

Possible redefinition of the bounds of gift-giving; must the latitude be expanded to realistically reflect certain nuances? For instance, why do patients pay for hospital cards and for drugs, yet the doctor collects separate consultation fees, nurses ask for money to buy syringes. Hospital bills still come afterward???

 

 

Are journalists tying themselves up at a time market realities are getting grimmer?

 

Public-funded BBC, CNN, and GOOGLE take adverts even from Nigerian firms and they take sides in news coverage using genres that are neither hard news, nor Feature/ opinion, but all combined in non-clear-cut reporting called ADVOCACY NEWS, which is news with explicable bias.

 

Former Minister appointed Adviser center of Journalism 

THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS

 

 

Social Responsibility Theory: This presupposes that the media, in discharging its critical functions, acts in social interest and for the good of the society.  Reporting dispassionately…against business logic and profit motives. In the light of current realities, the big question: Is there a more professional way to commoditize news? There are different, just like there are varied products in other professions like Law and Medicine, etc.

 

 

Media Economics: Media as a going concern and profit-oriented theory in a competitive stressful market, driven more by corporate support than by audience clientele.

 

Four-way PR Model: Sensationalism, Full Information, Symmetry, and Asymmetry. GRUNIG and HUNT 1984)

 

 

 

CONCLUSION: The Big Question

Is cash for coverage a case of professional anomaly that has become a culture, or a case of inevitable industry reality that needs some professional rethinking/adjustment? If technology is, indeed, changing many things, to what extent can it be allowed to change social laws?

Dr Marcel Mbamalu, is the News Editor of The Guardian, presented this at The Jacksonites Biweekly Webinar on August 2, 2020

Opinion

Abba Kabir’s 3 Years Beyond Road Projects

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Sufyan Lawal Kabo (Sefjamil)
sefjamil3@gmail.com

Some governments build roads, renovate schools and commission projects. Others go beyond physical development to rebuild public confidence, restore institutional trust and reconnect governance with ordinary citizens.

That is the deeper story gradually unfolding in Kano under Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf.

Three years ago, many expected another routine administration. What emerged instead was a government whose speed, visibility and emotional connection with the people have continued to redefine political expectations across Kano.

Today, the discussion is no longer whether Abba Kabir Yusuf is working. The real conversation is how far Kano may go if this pace continues beyond 2027.

Because beyond roads and contracts, Kano is witnessing something deeper. The state is gradually witnessing the return of public belief in governance.

Before 2023, many citizens had psychologically disconnected from governance. Pensioners protested repeatedly over unpaid entitlements. Foreign scholarship students cried publicly over abandonment. Young people increasingly believed politics only served a privileged few. But gradually, the atmosphere changed.

Governance stopped being something citizens merely heard on radio. It became something physically visible.

The administration aggressively launched major road and urban renewal projects including interventions around Tal’udu, Dan Agundi, Lodge Road, Court Road and several township roads across Kano metropolis.

Yet politically, the most important thing was not merely the projects themselves. It was the speed, visibility and energy behind them.

For many citizens, the government projected urgency and seriousness from the very beginning.

The foreign scholarship programme became one of the strongest emotional symbols of the administration. Under the previous administrations, Kano foreign students in countries including India and Uganda repeatedly cried out over unpaid tuition fees and near academic collapse. Several parents and advocacy groups publicly accused the government of neglecting the students.

Upon assumption of office, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf approved billions of naira to settle outstanding liabilities and restore over 1000 Kano students back to classrooms abroad.

For many affected families, the intervention was not merely educational. It was emotional rescue.

In interviews aired by Freedom Radio Kano and other local stations between late 2023 and early 2024, several students narrated how they had nearly abandoned their academic dreams before the intervention arrived. One beneficiary in India reportedly described the intervention as “the difference between disgrace and dignity.”

Politically, the move projected the administration as a government willing to confront inherited crises directly instead of merely offering excuses.

Abba’s administration also declared a state of emergency in education and initiated massive school renovation exercises across the state.

Thousands of students benefited from NECO registration support, while recruitment processes for teachers and investments in learning infrastructure expanded. But beyond statistics, the interventions carried deeper political meaning.The government projected education as a pathway for poor children to compete again.

Within public discussions, many citizens increasingly interpreted the reforms as attempts to restore Kano’s historic educational reputation in Northern Nigeria.

Perhaps the most emotionally sensitive intervention involved pensioners. For years before 2023, retired civil servants repeatedly protested over unpaid gratuities and pension arrears. Elderly pensioners were frequently seen struggling through verification exercises while many openly lamented hardship and neglect. Several pensioners reportedly died while waiting for entitlements.

The issue became more than an administrative problem. It became a moral issue. Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf’s administration later announced multiple releases running into tens of billions of naira for settlement of pension backlogs and gratuities inherited from previous administrations. Thousands of retirees reportedly benefited through various payment phases coordinated by the Kano State Pension Trustees.

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What changed public perception most were the emotional reactions from beneficiaries themselves. Elderly pensioners openly praised the governor in interviews across Kano media platforms after receiving payments many had lost hope of ever seeing.

The Kano Internal Revenue Service also intensified reforms around revenue collection, compliance and digital restructuring.

Economic observers increasingly linked improved revenue confidence not only to enforcement, but to growing public belief that government activities were becoming visible again. The logic became simple: Visibility created confidence. Confidence encouraged cooperation.

Citizens are more willing to support government financially when they believe governance itself is functioning.

Another remarkable development is Kano’s gradually changing political atmosphere. For years, Kano politics was dominated by rivalries and factional tensions involving major actors such as Senator Barau I. Jibrin, Senator Kawu Sumaila, Hon. Kabiru Alhassan Rurum and others across APC and NNPP blocs. Yet recent years increasingly witnessed conversations around reconciliation, engagement and political coexistence.

The growing understanding between Senator Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso and some APC interests attracted national attention because many observers previously considered such political softening impossible. That perception of political maturity carries major implications for stability, governance and investor confidence in Kano.

Because Kano is not just another state politically. It is one of the major political nerve centres in Northern Nigeria.

Beyond the emotional and political dimensions of the administration, the scale of physical and institutional development witnessed across Kano within the last three years has equally remained difficult to ignore.

From massive road construction and urban renewal projects to aggressive interventions in education, healthcare, agriculture, water resources, youth empowerment, transportation, sanitation, civil service reform, pension settlement, housing, security support and revenue generation, the administration projected unusual speed and visibility across virtually all sectors of governance.

In education alone, foreign scholarship restoration, school rehabilitation, teacher recruitment and examination support programmes changed public conversations around learning and opportunity. In healthcare, general hospitals, primary healthcare centres and medical support services witnessed renewed government attention. In agriculture, farmers benefited from inputs, support initiatives and renewed emphasis on food production across rural communities.

In infrastructure, major roads, drainage systems and metropolitan renewal projects transformed several strategic parts of Kano. In social welfare, pension payments and salary interventions restored confidence among retired and serving workers. In governance and revenue administration, institutional reforms and digital restructuring strengthened public confidence in government functionality.

Even in political management, Kano began gradually witnessing a calmer atmosphere after years of intense rivalries and factional conflicts. Altogether, the administration created the impression of a government determined not merely to govern Kano, but to aggressively reposition the state socially, politically, economically and psychologically for a much bigger future.

Perhaps the most powerful thing about the present administration is this:
√ Kano has started believing again.
√ Young people increasingly believe government can still respond to ordinary citizens.
√ Pensioners increasingly believe retirement may no longer mean abandonment.
√ Students increasingly believe poverty may not permanently destroy educational dreams.
√ All sectors are properly working again after long period of neglect by previous administration.
√ And politically, that may become the administration’s greatest legacy.

Because roads may eventually deteriorate and buildings may require reconstruction. But once a government restores public belief in governance itself, it changes the psychology of society permanently.

That is why Kano today appears to be witnessing something bigger than physical development alone. It is witnessing political reawakening, emotional reconstruction and the gradual return of civic confidence. That is why the real question in Kano today is no longer whether Abba Kabir Yusuf is working. The real question is this: if three years could produce this level of political energy, visibility and public confidence, what exactly may Kano become if this momentum continues into the future?

Sufyan writes from Abuja

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Opinion

Three Years Of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf:Restoring Confidence Through People Centred Governance

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By Tijjani Sarki
Good Governance Advocate and Public Policy Analyst

Leadership earns its true value when it restores public confidence, inspires hope, and remains connected to the everyday realities of the people. As the administration of His Excellency, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf, marks three years in office, Kano State stands at an important moment of reflection on a journey defined by resilience, grassroots engagement, and renewed commitment to social development.

For many citizens, the emergence of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf represented more than political change, it symbolized the return of inclusive governance and people-oriented leadership. Despite the economic and political challenges facing the nation, the administration has continued to demonstrate commitment toward improving education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social welfare across the state.

Particularly commendable is the renewed attention given to public education through school rehabilitation, scholarship support, and investment in learning facilities. Equally significant are efforts toward reviving abandoned projects and strengthening public service delivery in ways that directly affect ordinary citizens.

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Politically, the administration has also shown stability and resilience amid intense opposition and legal distractions. Yet, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf continues to maintain strong grassroots connection, especially among young people and supporters who see the government as reflective of their aspirations for fairness, development, and responsive leadership.
Like every administration, challenges remain. Economic hardship, unemployment, and growing public expectations continue to demand greater commitment and innovative solutions. Nevertheless, constructive engagement and collective responsibility remain essential in sustaining progress and ensuring that governance continues to serve the interests of the people.

As Kano gradually approaches another political phase, the priority should remain the consolidation of developmental gains, strengthening of institutions, and promotion of policies capable of improving the living standards of citizens across the state.

At this significant milestone, it is important to appreciate the efforts made so far in promoting people-centered governance and restoring confidence in public leadership. While history will continue to judge every administration by its impact, the commitment to public engagement and social development shown within these three years deserves recognition.

I congratulate His Excellency, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf, on this three-year anniversary in office and pray that Almighty Allah grants him wisdom, strength, good health, and greater success in his continued service to the people of Kano State.

Tijjani Sarki
Zawaciki, Kano State
May 29, 2026

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Opinion

Three Years of Renewed Hope: Mapping Kano’s Development Under Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf

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By Abdu Saidu

The third anniversary of the administration of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf provides an opportunity to reflect on a period that has been marked by deliberate efforts to accelerate development and improve the welfare of the people of Kano State. Since assuming office in May 2023, the administration has pursued policies and projects aimed at addressing critical needs across multiple sectors while laying the foundation for sustainable growth and prosperity.

Over the past three years, governance in Kano has been largely defined by investments in education, healthcare, agriculture, infrastructure, transportation, water resources, youth empowerment, and economic development. These sectors have remained at the center of the administration’s agenda, reflecting a commitment to improving public service delivery and expanding opportunities for citizens.

Among the sectors that have received significant attention is education. Recognizing that the future of any society depends on the quality of its human capital, the government has continued to prioritize educational development through interventions designed to improve learning conditions and increase access to educational opportunities. The emphasis on education reflects a broader understanding that long-term progress can only be achieved through sustained investment in knowledge and human development.

The healthcare sector has also occupied a strategic place within the administration’s development framework. Access to quality healthcare remains one of the most important expectations of citizens, and efforts to strengthen healthcare delivery have become an important component of the government’s vision. Through initiatives aimed at improving medical services and enhancing healthcare infrastructure, the administration has sought to ensure that communities across the state benefit from better healthcare outcomes.

Agriculture, the backbone of livelihood for many households in Kano, has equally remained a priority. As one of Nigeria’s leading agricultural states, Kano occupies a unique position in food production and agribusiness. The administration’s commitment to supporting farmers and promoting agricultural development underscores the importance of the sector in driving economic growth, enhancing food security, and creating employment opportunities for thousands of residents.

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Infrastructure development has emerged as one of the most visible aspects of the administration’s achievements. Road construction and rehabilitation projects undertaken across different parts of the state have improved connectivity and facilitated movement within communities. Beyond their physical appearance, these projects serve as critical enablers of economic activity by connecting people to markets, businesses, schools, and healthcare facilities.

Closely linked to infrastructure development is the transportation sector, which has witnessed continued government attention. Efficient transportation systems play a vital role in supporting economic activities and improving the quality of life of citizens. By investing in transportation infrastructure and services, the administration has contributed to efforts aimed at creating a more accessible and productive environment for residents and businesses alike.

Water supply remains another area where government intervention has had considerable significance. Access to clean and reliable water is essential for public health, sanitation, and overall well-being. Through initiatives designed to improve water infrastructure and expand access to potable water, the administration has demonstrated its commitment to addressing one of the most fundamental needs of communities across the state.

The administration’s focus on human capital development extends beyond education to include youth and women empowerment. Across Kano State, efforts aimed at creating opportunities for young people and women have formed part of a broader strategy to encourage economic participation and self-reliance. By supporting initiatives that enhance skills, entrepreneurship, and economic inclusion, the government continues to invest in the potential of its people as drivers of development.

Economic growth and commercial development have also remained central to the administration’s vision. Kano has historically been recognized as one of Nigeria’s foremost commercial centers, and government policies have sought to strengthen that position through measures designed to support businesses, stimulate investment, and encourage economic activities. These efforts reflect an understanding that sustainable development requires a vibrant economy capable of creating opportunities and improving living standards.

Beyond individual projects and sectoral interventions, the administration’s approach to governance has emphasized responsiveness, public engagement, and a strong focus on service delivery. The various initiatives implemented over the past three years collectively represent an effort to improve the lives of citizens while building institutions and infrastructure that can support future generations.

As Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf marks three years in office, the story of his administration is closely tied to a vision of development that places people at the center of governance. The investments recorded across education, healthcare, agriculture, infrastructure, transportation, water resources, and economic empowerment have contributed to shaping a new narrative of progress in Kano State.

The third anniversary of the administration is therefore not merely a celebration of time spent in office. It is a reflection of a development journey driven by a commitment to public service, social investment, and the pursuit of a more prosperous future. For many residents, the progress recorded across key sectors represents a renewed sense of hope and confidence in the possibilities of governance when development remains the central objective.

As Kano continues its march toward greater growth and modernization, the achievements of the past three years stand as important milestones in the ongoing effort to build a stronger, more inclusive, and economically vibrant state for present and future generations.

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