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Constabulary, Police, Community Policing and Ganduje Model of Security Architecture

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By Abba Anwar

The history of the Constabulary in Nigeria dates back to 1861 when the British colonial administration established the Lagos Constabulary. For maintaining law and order within the Protectorate.

In 1861 Lagos Constabulary formed with 30 men to maintain law and order in Lagos Colony. As time went on, the need for more hands in the art of maintaining law and order in Lagos arose, in 1879 the Constabulary expanded to 100 men.

Due to the good performance of Lagos Constabulary and the need to replicate similar security architecture in other regions, in 1890s to be precise, Constabularies established in other Nigerian territories, including the Royal Niger Company Constabulary.

The need for the expansion of this security agency for maintaining law and order, came handy, which necessitated its consolidation between 1900 to 1960.

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For example in 1906, Northern and Southern Nigeria Constabularies merged to form the Nigerian Police Force. Meaning, Nigeria Police Force is an offshoot of Nigeria’s Constabulary.
While in 1914 Nigeria Police Force reorganized into the Northern and Southern Provincial Police Forces.

Few decades before Independence in 1930s to be precise, Nigeria Police Force expanded to include specialized units like Marine Police, Mounted Police, etc.

In Post-Independence from 1960 to present Nigeria there were many changes that occurred in the process. For example in 1960 Nigerian Police Force became a National Force after Independence.

From1967 to 1970 Nigerian Civil War led to significant expansion and reorganization of the Police Force in 1990s Nigerian Police Force restructured into the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and other specialized agencies for complying with modern policing.

In single and simple sentence, Constabulory is the mother of Nigeria Police Force, midwifed by many regimes.

Not only Nigeria Police Force, the primary law enforcement agency in the country, was created from Nigerian Constabulory, there are other agencies that were also created from the agency.
Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) was established in 1967, it was renamed and restructured in 2003.

Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) was established in 1988 as a specialized agency for road safety management.
Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS) was established in 1963 as the Nigerian Immigration Department. It later became a paramilitary organization in 1992.

The Nigerian Customs Service (NCS) was established in 1892 as the Nigerian Customs Department. It later became a paramilitary organization in 1970.

While other specialized agencies, such as the State Security Service (SSS) and the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), were also separately established to address specific security concerns. But these agencies were created outside Constabulory.

Understanding this history, the former Governor of Kano State, Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, during his tenure 2015 to 2023, he made good use of the history and floated an excellent process to comply with the modern policing strategy, community policing.

He did it well, in such a way that, he brought together all the secure agencies and established operational rapport amongst them. This singular, but workable idea merged with political will, helped the state to become the most peaceful state in the federation, when Ganduje was captaining the ship.

Responding to his situation, the Nigerian state, local organizations and foreign organizations, appreciated Ganduje’s model as an excellent disposition of skilled and focused leadership, with unscathing and seamless political will and gave him Awards of Excellence in the area of security.

Kano witnessed one of her most peaceful era when Ganduje was on the throne. Ganduje believed that modern community policing strategy, Constabulary, plays a vital role in Nigeria and other nations. That was why he revived the role of traditional institutions in securing our local communities. He initiated Security Summits across our 5 Emirates in the state.

While understanding the role of all security agencies generally, he also amplified neighborhood patrols, where Constables engage in foot patrols, building relationships with residents, and addressing local concerns.

In the face of community engagement, his administration gave special consideration to the Constabulory participation in community meetings, events, and initiatives to foster trust and cooperation.

In the area of intelligence gathering, the administration of Ganduje linked the process to other security agencies with Constables as another sources to gather information on local crime trends and share with other agencies. This gave way to harmonious working relationship with all the security agencies.

It is believe that Nigeria Police Force burden in enforcing and maintaining law and order, in the country, gets helping hand from Constables, who serve as frontline officers in community policing.
It is evident how Community Police Officers (CPOs) work closely with local leaders and residents. While Special Constabularies (e.g., Railway Police, Port Police) focus on specific areas.

Community policing as enunciated and supported by Constabulory body is a global trend and relevant in modern policing. In the United Kingdom for example Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) support constables in community policing.

In United States of America Community Police Officers and Neighborhood Police Officers engage in community-focused policing. While in Australia Community Constables work with indigenous communities. As in Canada where Community Police Officers focus on building relationships and trust.

It is evidently clear that there are underlying benefits of Constabulary in Community Policing across the globe in recent time. Such as improved community relationships, enhanced trust, reducing crime, increased intelligence gathering, more effective problem-solving, among many others.

But all these benefits are not without challenges. As it is obtainable elsewhere. But fundamentally speaking, Constabulory activities and Police core responsibilities, should be made to become more blended and proactive. As it is the case in more developed societies. As evidently given above.

Anwar was former Chief Press Secretary to the former Governor of Kano State, Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje. He can be reached at fatimanbaba1@gmail.com
November, 2024

Opinion

Mukhtar Adamu Abubakar: Tribute To Tanko Dan Takarda, By Adnan Mukhtar

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Even though he is my father, I knew many things about him from his friends, family, and some elders of the Tudun-Wada community.

My father, a fine attorney Mukhtar Adamu Abubakar died some 32 years ago as a result of a ghastly motor accident that occurred on April 18th, 1993 on Bauchi to Kano Road as reported by the Triumph Newspaper of 27th April 1993.

We lost him when I was just 6 months old, I was not opportune to meet with him and learn from this brilliant gentleman.

Alhaji Me Tebur, a relative of Alhaji Lawan Na Yaya and Alhaji Sulaiman Yahya would tell an elder brother, another family friend Mujitafa Lawan Muhammad that Tanko Dan Takarda ne “Tanko is a learned person”.

I have written a series of tributes to my father since 2011, the last time I penned a tribute was in 2023 titled: 30 Years Without Mukhtari Professor

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My father bears different nicknames, he was called by his friend Professor, and community members referred to him as Tanko because he is a younger brother to two women Late Maryam Adamu (Ladi) and Binta Adamu (Zaria). It’s the tradition of the Hausa people to refer to someone with two immediate senior sisters as Tanko and that’s how my father and mentor got the name having been born and raised in a predominantly Hausa Community.

He was called Comrade because he was a student leader, Speaker of the Students Representative Assembly of Ahmadu Bello University in 1979, and Secretary General of the Students Union Government in 1980.

It’s not a coincidence that I was also the Deputy Speaker of the Students Representatives Assembly of Northwest University, Kano, and also the Secretary General of the Students Council. It’s a thing of joy that I followed the footsteps of my role model even though I didn’t read law.

Tanko Dan Takarda is a regular reader of newspapers, he was a contributor at the then Sunday Triumph Literary Digest and an anchor of a radio program at Kano State Radio Corporation as I was told by a fine writer and journalist Mallam Kabiru Muhammad Gwagwanzo who was once an Editor of the Triumph newspapers.

As I delved into the story of my father, I realized that he left a good name for his family and was one of the most loved personalities by his friends, family, and community members.

My father was a man of many parts. He worked briefly in the bank, was a freelance journalist, a successful lawyer, and also a writer. This can be seen through his love for books and contributions to the national dailies. My mother always remembers his column ‘Literary Corner’ in the then Sunday Triumph.

We inherited a large number of books from our father, many of which were autographed by the authors, including the renowned novelist and author Chukwuemeka Ike, who was a contemporary of Wole Soyinka, Chinua Achebe, etc., the late Dan Iyan Zazzau Nuhu Muhammad Bayero, and the Liberation of Nigeria, which was autographed by the late Yusuf Bala Usman.

My father was a Pupil Counsel in the Kano State Ministry of Justice a senior Magistrate Grade I and II in the Kano State Judiciary before he was appointed company secretary/legal adviser of the Nigerian Hotels Limited in Lagos.

My father died two days after he was appointed Solicitor General of Kano State by then-governor Alhaji Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya. As reported by The Triumph of Thursday 27th April 1993:

“New Solicitor General Dies

Alhaji Mukhtar Abubakar whose appointment as Solicitor General of Kano State was announced last Friday has died in a private clinic last Sunday.

He died from fatal wounds he sustained in a ghastly motor accident on April 18th, 1993 on Bauchi to Kano Road.

Aged 34, the deceased had his primary education at Tudun Wada Nassarawa LGA before attending Government Secondary School Lautai Gumel from 1972-1976. He graduated with an LLB Hons Degree from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria in 1982 and was called to the Bar in 1983.

The Late Mukhtar started his career as a State Counsel with the State Ministry of Justice, Kano, and had attended various courses at the University of Lagos and the Nigerian Institute of Legal Studies.

In 1987, he joined the lower bench of the judicial department in Kano state as a senior magistrate and rose to the position of chief Magistrate.

In November 1991, he went over to Nigerian Hotels Limited as the Company Secretary, a position he held until the announcement of his recent appointment.

Meanwhile, the governors of Kano and Jigawa States Alhaji Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya and Barrister Ali Saadu Birnin Kudu have paid a condolence visit to the family of the deceased.

The governors described the death of Alhaji Mukhtar Abubakar as a great loss to the state Judiciary and the entire people of Kano State”.

The legacy of our iconic father, the Late Mukhtari Adamu Abubakar of blessed memory, has granted us unexpected favors and accorded us respect and courtesy many times

“He was nicknamed professor by his secondary school classmates because of his mastery of the English Language.
He was friendly to all that he met, he was exceptionally brilliant and unassuming”.

This was in the words of one of his classmates in a comment to one of my tributes in their class WhatsApp group. It was sent to me by the Dan Amar of Gumel Alhaji Sani Ahmed Babandi in 2021.

I have written a lot about my father for the past 15 years, but words will not be enough to describe him. We shall tell my son, Muhammad Mukhtar, Adam Naufal, and their cousins Fatima, Ameer, Khairat, Haidar, and Fudail about a great man called Mukhtari Professor.

May Allah S.W.T grant my father, his friend, Yusuf Muhammad Tudun Wada, Hajiya Hauwa Mai Kosai, Baba Ladi, Aunty Sarauniya, and all the departed souls eternal rest.

Ameen.

Adnan is a communication consultant and university lecturer. He writes from Abuja, Nigeria

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Opinion

Maryam Abacha:A Mixture Of A Mother And A Motherlode

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By Bala Ibrahim.

As the world commiserates the demise of Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, who died at 88, the need has arisen, for us to revisit our conscience, by touching on the kindness of God. Nature is kind, very kind indeed, and it has demonstrated this benevolence in many ways, including the creation of queens with quick quirk and quintessential qualities. Also, in God’s limitless love for humanity, he built in some people, a combination of certain qualities, that cover colour, character and features or form, that give a pleasing sense of aesthetic sight. You may call it beauty. A beauty that resonates on the surface, to the applaud and appreciation of all, including those that may not necessarily believe in God. On the inside also, he gives some the comport of compassion, concern or care for others, in ways that conform with the commendable code of conduct. You may also call it spiritual beauty, which essentially means the internal radiance and character that transcends physical appearance. Internal beauty reflects the connection or association with virtue, inner goodness, and divine dedication. Such merger or mixture of beauty, (the outer and the inner), are rare and immeasurable for us as mortals. It touches on the individual’s sense of feelings and emotions, as well as his or her propensity to get or give joy and kindness. People that are fortunate with such endowment, always take delight whenever possible, to alleviate the suffering of others. And I make bold to say that nature has been particularly kind to Hajiya Maryam Abacha, by making her our mother and a motherlode, with internal and external beauty that radiate repeatedly.

According to Helen of Troy, the renowned most beautiful woman in Greek mythology, the only lasting beauty is the beauty of the heart. This is so because beauty, particularly the inner beauty, encapsulates the idea that kindness, compassion, and integrity, are far more enduring and valuable than outward appearance. These qualities, which mother Maryam has in abundance, highlight the power of inner strength and beauty as a source of lasting attractiveness and the influence to better the lives of others. Yes, outer beauty attracts, but inner beauty captivates. Outer beauty pleases the eye, but inner beauty captivates the heart. Mother Maryam’s inner beauty has been the driver for her ardent desire to render self-less service to humanity. She is always in a hurry to help.

Mother Maryam’s history cannot be written without reference to the role she played in the development of the Jam’iyyar Matan Arewa (a Northern Women NGO) which resulted, among other projects, in the building of an Orphanage/Nursery School in Kaduna in 1973. Equally, Maryam Abacha, along with the wives of other senior military officers, helped in the re-activation of the moribund Army Officers’ Wives Association (NAOWA) and emerged as its 12th National President from 1985-1990. As First Lady, when her husband, late Gen. Sani Abacha was Head of state, Her Excellency, Mrs. Maryam Abacha, initiated the Family Support Programme (FSP), which focused on the family as a nucleus of social growth and development. The program focused on Health, Education, Agriculture, Income Generation, Disability, and Destitution among others. With that, she gave priority to public enlightenment and stimulated Government’s interest in the various FSP Action Areas, through the sponsorships of seminars and workshops on health; HIV/AIDS; Domestic violence; Disability; Destitution and Street Begging; Culture and Tradition as they relate to the sustenance of interest in traditional music.

Pursuant to the successes recorded in these endeavours, First Lady Maryam, persuaded the Federal Government to establish the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development in January 1995. The Federal Ministry is the focal point for articulating development issues that affect women and children in Nigeria. It is in this context that she led the Nigerian delegation to the 5th African Regional Conference on Women, held in Dakar in 1994, and to the 4th World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China in 1995. At the Beijing Conference, mother Maryam Abacha, was appointed as one of the conference Vice Presidents by the UN. Also, because of her appeal for global peace, in her address at the conference, she was appointed as the leader of the Africa First Ladies Peace Mission Committee by the African First Ladies Committee on Peace. As part of her renewed efforts to improve the quality of life for Nigerian Families, and in consonance with Nigeria’s Vision 2020 program of development, mother Maryam launched the socio-economic aspects of the FSP called, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) on 3rd March 1997. The program was designed to empower all families who constitute the local producers of goods, services, and potential entrepreneurs in the area of establishment of cottage industries.

9Maryam Abacha founded the National Hospital Abuja (originally known as the National Hospital For Women And Children) and established the African First Ladies Peace Mission. In recognition of her consistent and dedicated humanitarian services, Maryam Abacha received numerous merit awards from numerous organizations, locally and internationally.

Mother Maryam resides in Kano, Kano state, Nigeria. Apart from being the foster mother of the nation, she is the biological mother of three daughters and seven sons.

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Opinion

Why Governor Abba Yusuf deserves more recognitions for leadership resilience

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National Forum of Kano Indigene Lawyers has canvassed for additional profound decorations of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf, in recognition of his leadership style that resonate resilience and dedication to quality governance.

Satisfied with the unwavering commitment and doggedness of the state government, towards transformative administration, the group affirmed that Governor Yusuf stands out in the crowd.

The forum rejoiced over recent flurry of encomiums on Governor Yusuf over series of awards from reputable corporate organizations, who accorded him the honors for his meaningfully impact on the socio-economic well being of Kano citizens.

However, the group, in a statement by it’s national coordinator posited that Governor Yusuf deserves more recognition for demonstrating exceptional disposition during the tense situations that played out around Sallah festivities in Kano.

The group said when the plot to take advantage of recent Sallah Durbar tussle to unleash provocation, and subsequently declare state of emergency, Governor Yusuf was never saturated with overwhelming endurance and resilience, which eventually triumphed over the evil plot.

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He said for that alone, Governor Yusuf deserves another gold medal for exhibiting high level of wisdom and emotional resilience, which enabled him to overcome the tribulation.

“It was a week of glamour for Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf whose unwavering dedication to human and social economic development in Kano state were noticed and rewarded by array of meritorious awards.

“From Leadership newspapers, Abuja; Vanguard newspapers, Lagos and African Heritage Concept, Marrakech in Morocco, Governor Yusuf received distinguished accolades and applause for redefining governance in Kano.

“The shinning week began on Tuesday 9th, April, with the prestigious Leadership Governor of the Year 2024 named after Governor Yusuf in recognition of his outstanding contributions to education sector in Kano.

“No doubt, the leadership award was a validation of Governor Yusuf’s bold reforms in education and repositioning of the sector after years of neglect by the immediate past administration.

“Besides, Governor Yusuf was particularly commended by the Leadership newspaper for going extra miles with allocation of 31% of the state’s annual budget to education, surpassing the UNESCO benchmark”.

The statement further reads : “The celebration of the peoples Governor returned to Eko Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos, where Yusuf earned another encomium as Governor of the year 2024 “Good Governance” category on the stable of Vanguard Newspapers.

“In Lagos, the man of the moment was recognized for his administration’s transformative achievements in the education and healthcare sectors.

” 24 hours later, the out pour of admiration moved to the city of Marrakesh, Morocco, where African Heritage Concept Magazine bestowed Governor Yusuf with another honor where distinguished African leaders and policy influencers were celebrated.

“Yusuf, was recognized on the continental stage with the prestigious African Good Governance Award 2025, in honour of his visionary leadership and commitment to people-centered governance and excellence in leadership, and public service.

” More over, we are of the firm conviction that Governor Yusuf deserves another award of excellence for distinctive emotional intelligence and purposeful leadership he displayed at the heat of Eid-il-Fitr Sallah Festivities in the state.

” When it was evident the plot to take advantage of Sallah Durbar around the prolong emirship, tussle to unleash violent provocation in Kano. It was a well calculated plot to give undue opportunity to declare state of emergency. Yet, Governor Yusuf was never saturated with overwhelming endurance and resilience which eventually overwhelmed the evil plan”.

Usman Imam Tudun Wizirchi Esq
Chairman

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