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SPECIAL REPORT:“Nigeria’s Democracy and the Endless Cycle of One-Party Dominance”

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A historical analysis reveals how Nigeria’s democracy repeatedly succumbs to one-party dominance, with the current regime being worst as it perfects the playbook of past eras.

By Yusuf Danjuma Yunusa

Dominant-party politics—where one party consistently controls political power while opposition exists but faces significant systemic disadvantages—has manifested at various points in Nigeria’s political history. While the current situation under President Bola Tinubu’s APC-led administration is evidently worst as it shows concerning trends toward a total dominance, historical precedents exist, particularly during the First Republic and the prolonged military eras that indirectly shaped party systems.

In The First Republic(1963-1966)

Nigeria’s first experiment with multiparty democracy effectively functioned as a “three-dominant-party system” at the regional level:

If checked critically in the Northern region as at that time, the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) held virtually unassailable dominance, leveraging the feudal structure, ethnic solidarity (Hausa-Fulani), and control of Native Authority police and taxation. Opposition parties like the Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) were systematically marginalized.

While in the Western region, the Action Group (AG) under Chief Obafemi Awolowo dominated until the 1962–63 crisis, which split the party and led to a federal government-backed takeover by the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP).

In the Eastern region the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) held sway, though with more competitive politics than the North.

It’s worth noting that this was regionalized dominance rather than a single nationwide dominant party. The federal government was a fragile NPC-NCNC coalition.

In The Second Republic(1979-1983)

The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) emerged as a nationwide dominant party in the second republic.

It won the presidency with Shehu Shagari as its candidate without a clear popular majority. But through patronage, co-optation of opponents (“boarding the bus”), and control of federal resources, the NPN gained “surprise” gubernatorial victories and parliamentary seats, particularly in the 1983 elections—which was widely viewed as heavily rigged.

It used federal might to unseat opposition governors, a good example of it which is the Ondo State saga, through controversial judicial processes.

National Party of Nigeria(NPN) had a parallel mode of operations to today’s administration of President Tinubu. The party was also a broad, pragmatic coalition of elites from multiple regions–like the APC–using control of the petroleum boom economy to reward loyalty and fellowship.

In the military era, there usually would be nothing as party politics. Military rule suppressed party politics entirely but orchestrated networks and a centralized federal might that later shaped civilian dominant-party tendencies.

This was evident in the 1989–1993 two-party experiment (SDP and NRC) imposed by Gen. Babangida. It was an artificial, state-created duopoly—not genuine multiparty competition.

The Fourth Republic(1999-Present Day)

The Peoples Democratic Party(PDP) was the first national dominant party in the history of Nigeria.

The party held the Presidency, National Assembly majority, and most governorships for 16 consecutive years.

It employed massive patronage, control of INEC and security forces, and corruption of electoral processes especially under the 2007 election, described as “do-or-die” by President Obasanjo.

Opposition victories were rare to see with only Lagos, ANPP strongholds as the opposition voice. Although victories were possible, just that there were rare, it showed that the system was competitive, authoritarian rather than full one-party rule.

Dominance ended in 2015 due to internal fragmentation (the 2013–14 defection of the “nPDP” bloc to APC) and widespread public discontent over insecurity and corruption, not via a level playing field.

In 2015, APC’s era came and won the presidency (Buhari) and, by 2023, controlled 22 of 36 states.

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By 2024 till this very moment in 2025, the ruling APC has been massively receiving politicians from the main opposition PDP and others into its fold. The most recent of it was the defection of governor Fubara of Rivers State.

The tsunami has left the PDP with just 5 governors now: governor Fintiri of Adamawa State, Dauda Lawal of Zamfara State, Caleb Muftwang of Plateau State, governor Seyi Makinde of Oyo State, and Bala Mohammed of Bauchi State.

Governor Agbu Kefas of Taraba State and governor Adeleke of Osun State would have been the sixth and seventh governors for the party respectively, but reports have it that the former has also defected to the APC. Although, official declaration for that is yet to happen as it has been scheduled to hold next year January, 2026.

While governor Adeleke has officially joined the Accord Party and has picked the gubernatorial form for his second tenure.

Reports also have it that governor Caleb Muftwang of Plateau State is one step away from joining the ruling All Progressives Congress, citing heightened differences between him and some of the state executives of APC as the impediment to his official alignment.

The party, APC, now commands a supermajority capable of constitutional amendments without opposition support with 73 Senators and 175 Representatives.

It has also 28 governors in total, leaving the opposition parties with 8.

5–for PDP
1–for LP
1–for NNPP
1–for Accord Party

The Mechanisms of Dominance

Speaking with a public affairs analyst and political scientist, Austin Patrick, he shared that history has shown that financial advantage has been the tool in which ruling party use to dominate since democratic era.

“The control of oil revenues, state contracts, the capture of NNPC, CBN, and other agencies; alleged use of anti-graft agencies to pressure opponents are different mechanisms in which the ruling party use to dominate.”

He continued, “we all know that the Okowa case with the EFCC will no longer come to the public after his defection to the APC.”

Mr. Austin also emphasized on the judicial favouritism which the country has been witnessing in recent times, citing the position of court as the final arbiter in recent times.

“Courts now play an unprecedented role in determining election winners—over 80% of petitions in the 2023 cycle were dismissed on technicalities rather than merits,” he said.

On the other hand, Dr. Kabir Sufi, who is also a political analyst, opined that the APC’s dominance is largely attributed to structural advantages and the factions in the opposition parties.

“Well, the combination of the APC’s usage of structural advantages and fragmentation of the opposition contribute to how bigger and wider the ruling party has become.”

He also highlighted on the rumor by many Nigerians that the said fragmentation and weakness of the opposition is largely the orchestration of the APC itself.

The Dangers Of One-Party System

Dr. Sufi asserted that the dangers of one party system is largely on democracy itself rather than intergovernmental relations and federalism spirit.

“The implications are mostly for democracy itself, it’s not allowing the opposition to thrive.”

“The advantages in which oppositions are to enjoy are not actually realistic,” he added.

Although Dr. Sufi acknowledged that there are a lot of factors that have allowed the situation to become what it is today.

Meanwhile, Mr. Austin was of the opinion that the danger of one party system is ultimately accountability erosion.

“Weak opposition breeds legislative and fiscal oversight.”

He noted that with no external threat, APC may become more autocratic, stifling pragmatic democracy.

Mr. Austin also stated that one party dominance contributes to voter apathy among citizens.

“The belief that elections don’t change outcomes may depress turnout and fuel political violence.”

Moreover, Dr. Sufi, when asked if the opposition have any chance to unsit the APC in the coming 2027 presidential election, said that:

“With the wave of defections to the APC, the task may be getting harder for the opposition unless if there’s an implosion within APC.”

Summarily, while it’s evident that Nigeria is on the verge of becoming a one-party nation, it’s worth noting that it’s not yet completely a one-party state. Multiple parties still exist and compete, but it exhibits clear dominant-party authoritarian characteristics similar to the PDP’s peak (2003–2011).

The difference is that the current opposition is more fragmented and demoralized than in the past.

A thorough examination will reveal to one that dominant-party politics in Nigeria follows a cyclical pattern: a party gains power, uses state resources to entrench itself, becomes corrupt and fragmented, then collapses from internal splits rather than electoral defeat. The APC appears to be in the entrenchment phase, Nigerian Tracker News observed.

Yusuf Danjuma Yunusa is a freelance journalist and a reporter with the Nigerian Tracker News. He can be reached via: theonlygrandeur@gmail.com or 07069180810

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Northern Youth ASSEMBLY Challenges Amnesty International Over ‘One-Sided’ Claims

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The Leadership of the Northern Youth, has criticized Amnesty International over its recent report on the alleged killing of five people in Kano, accusing the organization of bias, selective outrage, and deliberate attempts to tarnish the image of Kano State.

 

It is clear that, the statement of Amnesty International is reckless, unbalanced, and politically coloured, looking at how the organization has rushed to label the incident as politically motivated without carrying out a fair and comprehensive investigation.

 

The more disturbing on the report of the Amnesty International, is how it has consistently concentrated its attention on Kano while allegedly paying little attention to insecurity and violent incidents occurring in several other states across the country.

Many communities in different parts of Nigeria have continued to experience serious security challenges leading to loss of lives and displacement of innocent citizens, yet such incidents do not always receive the same level of international attention and condemnation, directed at Kano State

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The clash that occurred on Tuesday, May 5, 2026, was a confrontation between rival groups of thugs with a long history of violent rivalry, insisting that there was no evidence linking the Kano State Government or any political actor to the incident.

 

We categorically fault the Amnesty International for allegedly relying on viral videos and unverified claims to make sweeping accusations against the APC stakeholders in the State, or government officials, warning that such narratives could inflame tension and mislead the international community.

 

“It is unfortunate that Amnesty International has chosen to politicize a criminal routine clash among hoodlums in order to create a false impression against Kano State and its leadership

 

We clearly accuse the organization of operating double standards by amplifying incidents in Kano while allegedly paying little attention to other parts of the country where similar security concerns are reported.

 

The Northern Youth Assembly shall continue to maintain the branding of the incident as political thuggery, without concrete evidence, as the claim of the Amnesty International should best be described as irresponsible and deliberate action capable of damaging the reputation of innocent individuals and institutions.

 

We call on Amnesty International to stop what we term as selective activism and sensational reporting, urging the organization to embrace fairness, professionalism, and objectivity in addressing issues affecting Nigeria.

 

The people of Kano would not remain silent while external organizations continue to portray the state in a negative light through what could be best described as unfounded and exaggerated allegations.

 

Signed:

 

Dr. Mohammed Ali Idris

President,

Northern Youth Assembly

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Dr. Hafiz Garba

Secretary General,

Northern Youth Assembly

7th May, 2026

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Nigerian Democracy Working Group Faults Amnesty International Claims on the Alleged Killing of 5 people 

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Nigerian Democracy Working Group Faults Amnesty International Claims on the Alleged Killing of 5 people

 

The Nigerian Democracy Working Group strongly expresses concern over the recent report issued by Amnesty International regarding the tragic incident that led to the killing of five persons in Kano State.

 

While we condemn the loss of lives and support every legitimate effort aimed at ensuring justice and accountability, we find it disturbing that Amnesty International rushed to classify the incident as politically motivated without what appears to be a fair, balanced, and comprehensive investigation.

 

From available local accounts and realities on the ground, the incident of Tuesday, May 5, 2026, was a clash involving rival groups of thugs with a long history of violent rivalry.

 

At this moment, there is no publicly verified evidence directly linking the Kano State Government or political office holders to the unfortunate incident.

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We are particularly concerned by what appears to be Amnesty International’s reliance on viral videos and unverified claims in making sweeping allegations capable of inflaming tensions and misleading the international community about the true situation in Kano State.

 

It is unfortunate that what appears to be a criminal clash among rival hoodlums is now being framed in a manner capable of creating a damaging impression against Kano State and its leadership.

 

We also observe with concern what appears to be a disproportionate focus on Kano State by Amnesty International, while several communities across other parts of Nigeria continue to experience serious insecurity, killings, and displacement without attracting similar levels of attention and condemnation.

 

The continuous branding of violent confrontations in Kano as political thuggery without conclusive evidence risks damaging the reputation of innocent individuals, institutions, and the state as a whole.

 

It is important to state that the Kano State Government under the leadership of His Excellency Engr. Abba Kabir Yusuf has continued to demonstrate commitment towards addressing the menace of youth violence and thuggery. A clear example is the recently approved Safe Corridor rehabilitation programme targeted at repentant youths as part of broader efforts to tackle the root causes of violence and social unrest.

 

We therefore call on Amnesty International to embrace fairness, professionalism, and objectivity in addressing issues concerning Nigeria. Selective activism and sensational reporting do not strengthen democracy, nor do they contribute positively to peace-building efforts.

 

The people of Kano will not remain silent while external narratives continue to portray the state negatively through what we consider exaggerated, unbalanced, and insufficiently substantiated allegations.

 

We urge relevant authorities to conduct transparent investigations into the incident and ensure that all individuals found culpable are brought to justice in accordance with the law.

 

Signed:

Saed Adam Mohammed

Kano State Coordinator,

Nigerian Democratic Working Group

7th May, 2026

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Governor Yusuf Commends Tinubu, DSS at Northwest Security Conference in Kano

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Abbas Yushau Yusuf

 

Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf of Kano State has commended President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and the Director-General of the Department of State Services (DSS) for what he described as their sustained commitment to improving security across the Northwest and Nigeria as a whole.

 

The governor gave the commendation on Thursday while declaring open the Northwest State Directors of Security Services Zonal Conference held in Kano.

 

Addressing delegates drawn from Katsina, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara states, Governor Yusuf described the conference as a critical platform for security stakeholders to exchange ideas, share operational experiences and strengthen coordinated responses to emerging threats in the region.

 

He noted that Kano, being the most populous and cosmopolitan state in the Northwest, places high priority on security and peaceful coexistence, stressing that insecurity in neighboring states inevitably affects Kano.

 

“Kano has always placed the highest priority on security. Challenges faced by our sister states inevitably affect us as well because criminal activities cannot be confined by borders,” the governor said.

 

Governor Yusuf cited the recent kidnapping of the Secretary of Kibiya Local Government Area, Alhaji Hamza Musa Durba, as an example of the growing security concerns confronting the region. He disclosed that through intelligence-led operations by security agencies, the victim was rescued and the suspects arrested on March 26, 2026.

 

He praised the DSS and other intelligence agencies for their prompt response and professionalism, saying their efforts deserved “absolute commendation.”

 

The governor also acknowledged the support of the Federal Government under President Tinubu, noting that the administration’s determination to secure lives and property has strengthened collective efforts against criminality.

 

According to him, Kano State has invested significantly in upgrading security infrastructure and logistics for security agencies, including equipment earlier procured for the DSS.

 

Governor Yusuf said the state remains relatively peaceful despite several security challenges confronting the Northwest, including banditry, farmers-herders conflicts, cyberbullying, cyberstalking and the activities of street miscreants.

 

“I must commend the Kano State Command of the DSS for its proactive role in containing these threats and for working closely with sister security agencies to safeguard our people,” he added.

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The governor reaffirmed his administration’s commitment to providing an enabling environment and logistical support for security agencies to effectively discharge their responsibilities.

 

“As I formally declare this conference open, I trust that your deliberations will yield fresh ideas and practical solutions that will promote peace and socio-economic development across the region,” he said.

 

Earlier in his remarks, the Kano State Director of the DSS, Hussaini Abubakar, said the zonal conference was convened to address security issues peculiar to the Northwest region and to strengthen collaboration among security agencies.

 

According to him, the meeting aligns with the vision of the DSS leadership to respond promptly to emerging threats across the region.

 

He identified major security concerns facing the Northwest as banditry, cyberbullying, illegal mining, sabotage of critical national assets and campaigns capable of threatening national cohesion.

 

Abubakar said the DSS has continued to engage in tactical operations to counter these threats and expressed appreciation to the Director-General of the DSS and the Kano State Government for supporting the conference.

 

Also speaking, the Kano State Commissioner of Police, Adamu Bakori, who was represented by Deputy Commissioner of Police Lawal Mani, said the Northwest continues to face serious security challenges, including kidnapping and violent crimes that require seamless inter-agency cooperation.

 

He revealed that Kano had recently witnessed infiltration attempts by bandits operating along the Kano-Kaduna-Katsina border corridors but noted that the cordial working relationship between the police, DSS and other security agencies had contributed significantly to the peace currently enjoyed in the state.

 

In his remarks, the representative of the Kano Brigade Commander and Chief of Staff, Colonel J.I. Ogwi, emphasized the importance of sustained synergy among security agencies in tackling insecurity.

 

He said collaboration among sister agencies remains indispensable in ongoing efforts to contain criminal activities and maintain stability in the region.

 

Delivering a goodwill message, the Director of Special Services, Kano State Government, retired Major General Muhammad Sani, described the conference as timely given the security challenges confronting the Northwest.

 

He observed that the region, despite its rich human and natural resources, continues to grapple with banditry, kidnapping, communal clashes and urban crime, worsened by poverty, unemployment and climate-related pressures.

 

“True security is more than the absence of violence. It is the presence of order, trust and justice,” he said.

 

According to him, intelligence gathering and ethical information sharing remain critical to achieving lasting peace and stability.

 

The retired military officer urged security agencies to adopt proactive strategies, deepen inter-agency collaboration and build stronger partnerships with local communities.

 

“Your work is often silent, but its impact is profound. The peace of a village, the safety of a market and the freedom of a child to attend school all depend on your vigilance and integrity,” he told participants.

 

He expressed optimism that the conference would produce practical solutions capable of restoring lasting peace across Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Jigawa and Zamfara states, as well as the entire country.

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