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Did Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Permit 100% Interest Rate? A Rejoinder

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Bello Sani Yahuza,The writer on Interest

 

By Bello Sani Yahuza

 

“He who talks on a matter out of his profession comes with surprises” – Ibn Hajar (d. 852AH/1449CE) It has never been an issue for a person to have a keen interest in any field of study. But it is an outlandish the way things are going and the way people quickly assume expertise on a subject matter that are not familiar with.

 

They instead, come up with a lot of chaos, contradictions and confusion. So, I came across an article, written by one personality called Ali Abubakar Sadiq, a journalist by profession who claims deep knowledge of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence where he delves into a delicate and intricate issue of Riba (interest).

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Sadiq alleges that the Prophet Muhammad SAW has permitted a 100% interest rate. So, instead of a solution, he brings more confusion to rather known and well define the concept of Riba in the classical juristic theories and its application in the modern banking system.

 

But, beyond this, the writer creates a world of surprises. In fact, if there is an 8th wonder of the world, I am sure his writing could be the one. I, therefore, write these lines, in order to at least address some of these surprising confusions.

 

I intend to address some technical questions regarding the subject matter. For instance, is it really the Prophet (PBUH) permitted interest? what really interest is? What and what constitutes interest (al-had)? What is the Dhabid of understanding interest? What is the effective cause of and what is the wisdom/Maqasid of prohibiting interest?

 

In sha Allah, I will address these questions along the following surprises itemized based on their importance to the subject matter:

 

  1. The Prophet SAW Accepted Interest: Beyond just surprise, it is rather dangerous to claim that the Prophet (SAW) accepted interest. It can even be sacrilegious. I never read or heard a modernist or an orientalist proclaiming that the Prophet himself accepted and transacted in interest. Had this happen, that could be contradictory, I mean how can Prophet Muhammad SAW prohibits something and practiced it. The legal maxim upholds that, “Prohibition of an issue is by default an enjoinment of its opposite”.
  2. This terminology by jurists fits this context well. Besides, the condemnation of interest in the Qur’anic verses are explicitly clear that, Allah even declare war against devourer of interest (Qur’an 2:179). In another verse He says that the devourers of interest will raise in the day of resurrection in a condition of those beaten by Satan leading him to madness (2:275). Another point is how does the writer reconcile his claim with the verse that says, …and Allah has permitted trade and forbidden interest (riba) “الراب وحرم البيع هللا وأحل .” Qur’an as a legal document and a book of guidance, has unique, distinct, and miraculous style. It is full of laws and principles with a well-defined science of interpretation, in addition to commentaries and exegeses. One cannot interpret it relying upon his weak understanding of the language. Besides, English Qur’anic translated versions like Yusuf Ali and others are not enough to make a person understands the deeper meanings of its verses with their implications. Just as one cannot interpret the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria even if he is what William Shakespeare is to English literature. Only an established court of law can do that.
  3. The only Interest/Riba Prohibited is above 100% Another surprise by the writer is his claim that interest which is not more than 100% is permitted by the Noble Qur’an. The writer builds his novice interpretation of Allah’s saying: “O believers, take not doubled and redoubled interest, and fear Allah so that you may prosper.” (Qur’an 3:130). With this weak, unprecedented interpretation, the writer further exposes his unfamiliarity of what he claims to know. Going by number, how would Qur’an permit 100% interest and forbids something above it? And by volume, does one cup of wine has any difference to two cups, or does stealing ₦100 has any difference to ₦200.
  4. It does not make sense, and that is ridiculous! Simply, the verse prohibited double interest which is 100% and redouble which is more than 100%. Going by the writer’s assertion, how and where does the writer get the permission of 100%? I mean, where does that state in the verse? 3. Riba, Profit, and Gift (Ihsan) Another point the writer seems to lack knowledge of is these three concepts. All of riba, profit, and gift (Ihsan) can come as an increase in repayment, his confusion in understanding the subject matter led him to falsely assume they are the same and equal, and so he messed up with them in his writing. Citing Jabir bin ‘Abdullah’s narration in Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 3, No. 579, in which the Prophet repaid him the debt he owed him with an extra amount as evidence for interest.
  5. This is clear misunderstanding of the case. This is not interest, had the writer, instead of assuming knowledge, referred himself to the scholars’ interpretation of the hadith, he would have understood it. The Qur’an says: “But if they had referred it back to the Messenger or to those of authority among them, then the ones who can draw correct conclusions from it would have known about it” (Qur’an 4:83). So, interest is clearly prohibited whereas, the other two are allowed. More so, debt on its own is not, and will never be a mechanism for profit-making in Islam. The trajectories of interest, profit, and gift and how they can interchange in a transaction are dynamic.
  6. Interest is a predetermine unjustified increment which promotes exploitation of the giver upon the receiver of the loan. Giving out loan does not make the money increase. Qur’an says: “That which you give as interest to increase the people’s’ wealth increases not with Allah; but that which you give in charity, seeking the goodwill of Allah, multiplies in manifold.” (Qur’an 30: 39). Paradoxically, profit is a justified return or earning upon which all economic and financial transactions are based. While gift is an act of benevolence (Ihsan). So, in essence, giving loans stipulating an increase in the debt agreement is interest, while selling a commodity with the same increase is profit and any addition of both the two instances without stipulating any condition to it, is a gift (Ihsan). As in hadith he cited, “when he (the Prophet) repaid the loan of a camel giving two back (Muwatta Kitab al-Buyu hadith 1346),
  7. Money and Commodity A very basic knowledge of Islamic finance can help one to know that in Islamic law, there is a world of difference between money and commodity. The writer quoted out of context one tradition in Sahih Muslim of Prophet giving a better-quality camel than the original one.
  8. In Shari’ah, a side of being a recognizable unit of account and means of payment for goods and services, money, has no intrinsic value. Money is only viewed as a mechanism for facilitating trade. A ₦100 notes for instance, a side of being a legal tender in Nigeria, one can hardly draw any benefit from it, and the moment that quality preserved by law is removed it becomes nothing.

All the old paper currencies and coins after they were abolished by law of the land, they are as good as trash. But the commodity on the other hand, has intrinsic value, this means a real economic value. So, naturally one can benefit from food, cloth, shelter by eating, waring, privacy etc.

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The implication of that from the jurisprudential perspective is that, one cannot buy and sell money on credit and add anything above the principal. Any increment is interest. The legal maxim says “any loan returns with benefit is interest”. Simply put it, Islam approves Time value in commodity transaction, but prohibits time value of money (TVM).

 

To really understand the concept of Riba in the Islamic jurisprudence, one must know the difference between money and commodity, it is one major yardstick and fantastic point of difference between Islam and the interest-based systems.

 

  1. Collateral as Riba Again, another surprise here, the writer claims that taking collateral in giving loans is also an interest. Citing another narration out of context on Prophet’s taking grain from a Jew on credit and giving him collaterally.

 

The question is how does the collateral in this contract stand as riba? Then, why the Jew had to return back the collateral when the debt was repaid?

 

A clear contradiction and confusion! Collateral is separate rule in the Islamic commercial transaction.

Let the writer refer to Qur’an 2: 282, to know the rules related to collateral.

 

  1. The Definition of Riba The writer here claims that the definition of interest is given in the Noble Qur’an when Allah says “Do not devour riba double and redouble” Qur’an 3:130. This verse does not define interest at all. Rather, it explains one scope, an aspect, and a dimension of interest. Why? because, the cultural context and the prevailing economic system in the Arabia during revelation is that, riba is well known by all and sundry.

The known maxim says: “A known matter does not need definition”. Interest is so pervasive that everybody was transacting in it. Perhaps, this is part of the wisdom of its gradual revelation and prohibition. So, let the writer refer to the gradual legislation of interest in the Qur’an.

 

  1. Riba and Mutual Consent The writer says “There is nothing in the Quran or Hadith that prohibits the pre-fixing of the rate of return, as long as it occurs with the mutual consent of the parties and doesn’t exceed 100%, since the prophet’s payment of two camels for one is 100% interest”. Another glaring misconception! When, where and how the mutual consent of the parties constitutes a source of law in Shari’ah? Or when does it make permitted what is prohibited? I need an answer to this please!

 

  1. Originality The technical aspect of the writing is another drawback of the writing. Apart from verses and hadith he cited; the writer uses most of the writings which are from the secondary sources. The writer claims ownership as if he is the original writer of the issues. He did not acknowledge his sources which some of them are just copied and paste from online internet sources such as Wikipedia and so on.

 

The arguments made by the modernists and orientalists like Muhammad Akram Khan, Timur Kuran, Muhammad Omar Faruq who use TVM, inflation, and so on to defend the banking interest.

 

Other scholars who are moved by political fatwas such as Sheikh Tantawi and other scholars from Egypt, their fatwa is controversial not accepted even in Al-Azhar.

 

Another aspect I find also, apart from modernists’ argument on interest, the writer’s claim on Jassas as the first to interpret interest as all increase, Ottoman’s dealing with interest and historical narration of legalizing interest, these and many others, are not acknowledged. Most of them are copied from Wikipedia (source – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riba#Non-orthodox_approach).

 

You can see, getting access to information source does not make a person knowledgeable of the subject matter.

 

  1. Warning My advice to the writer is to call his attention that while knowledge is never a monopoly of anybody, but it has its own standard, discipline, and decorum anybody must adhere to. And while, one will never claim to know everything, the jack of all trade will always be a master of none.

Allah The Almighty says: “You have given all of the knowledge but a little”. That is why professionalism is very important and every person should follow his own profession. Nevertheless, no one is denied the benefit of having an interest in any particular field of study.

 

But that aspect should be handled with maturity and respect of the discipline.

 

  1. Admonition, In conclusion, the entirety of religion is based on admonition (Nasihah). My first and foremost admonition to the writer is to quickly repent from alleging the Prophet of accepting riba.

 

It is a grievous sin to falsely attribute something to Allah or to His Messenger. Some scholars rank it equal with the association (shirk) or more grievous than shirk.

 

I also call him to withdraw his claim and adopt the authentic view accepted by the Muslims ummah. The Prophet says: “My nation will never unite on falsehood” You cannot fault the Ummah in its entirety but, individuals cannot be certain of their personal views.

 

 

Bello Sani Yahuza bellokano2000@gmail.com  International Islamic University, Gombak, Malaysia. 14/07/2020

Opinion

What Saheeba Taught Me About Waiting for Love

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By Auwal Sani

Stories have a curious way of finding the places we pretend no longer exist. A few nights ago, I settled in to watch Saheeba, the ongoing Hausa mini series that has quietly earned a place in the hearts of many viewers. I expected to follow the lives of its characters. Instead, somewhere between the pauses, the longing, and the things left unsaid, I found myself confronting a story I have been carrying since 2018. By the time the episode ended, I was no longer thinking about the people on my screen. I was thinking about the quiet spaces within me.

I have always loved love stories. Not because they always end happily, as many of them do not, but because they reveal something profound about the human heart. It is perhaps the only part of us that refuses to become entirely logical. It believes after disappointment, hopes after silence, and waits even when waiting appears unreasonable. Love stories remind us that the heart possesses a resilience that the mind often struggles to understand.

There is a kind of loneliness that rarely announces itself. It is not the loneliness of being surrounded by no one. Rather, it is the loneliness of having family, friends, meaningful work, and personal achievements, yet still sensing that one important space remains unoccupied. It quietly accompanies you to weddings, birthdays, and ordinary evenings. It reminds you that some places within us cannot be filled by ambition, success, or the passage of time.

That has been my reality since 2018.

People often say that time heals all wounds. I have come to believe otherwise. Time, by itself, does not heal. It simply teaches us how to carry what has not healed. Over the years, I have questioned myself more than I have questioned fate. Perhaps my expectations of love are unrealistic. Perhaps I desire too much in a generation that seems increasingly comfortable with temporary connections and convenient relationships. Or perhaps I simply long for a kind of love that still believes commitment is worth choosing every single day.

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What I know with certainty is that love has always been my greatest vulnerability. I have never learned the mathematics of guarded affection. I do not know how to give ten percent when my heart insists on giving everything. It has always seemed ironic to me that we encourage people to pursue their dreams without reservation, yet advise them to ration kindness, vulnerability, and love. More than once, I have discovered that not every heart knows what to do with genuine affection. Some admire it, some misunderstand it, and others receive it without ever intending to give anything in return.

Perhaps that is why love remains such a mystery. We write poems about it, compose songs because of it, and build entire futures around the hope of finding it. Yet no definition has ever been large enough to contain all that it is. Those who understand love most deeply are not always those who found it. Sometimes, they are those who have lived through its absence. They know what it means to smile while carrying invisible disappointments, and they understand that loneliness is not merely the absence of people, but the absence of the one person with whom silence would have been enough.

Watching Saheeba reminded me that love is rarely sustained by grand declarations or dramatic sacrifices alone. More often, it survives through patience, consistency, understanding, and the quiet decision to keep choosing someone even after the excitement has faded. The series is still unfolding, and perhaps that is why it resonates so deeply with me. Like life itself, its ending has not yet been written. Every episode quietly reminds us that uncertainty is part of every meaningful journey.

The human heart has an astonishing ability to survive what should have broken it. It remembers tenderness after betrayal, imagines tomorrow after years of unanswered prayers, and continues to believe long after experience suggests it should stop. There was a time when I considered hardening my heart because it seemed safer. After all, disappointment cannot wound a heart that no longer expects anything. But I eventually realised that the opposite of heartbreak is not peace. It is indifference. And indifference is far more frightening because it asks us to stop feeling altogether. I would rather carry hope than become indifferent.

Perhaps that is the greatest lesson Saheeba has offered me. Not that love is guaranteed, or that every story reaches the ending we imagine, but that there is quiet courage in remaining emotionally available despite life’s disappointments. To continue believing after years of waiting is its own form of resilience. Hope is not weakness. It is evidence that the heart has refused to surrender.

So I still love love stories. Not because they promise happy endings, but because they remind me that every ending is also the possibility of another beginning. They remind me that hope is never foolish, and that the heart’s willingness to believe again is one of the quiet miracles of being human.

Perhaps the greatest miracle is not finding love. Perhaps it is refusing to let disappointment convince us that love is no longer worth finding. And maybe, just maybe, the most beautiful chapter of my own story has not been written yet.

Auwal Sani is a Lecturer in the Department of Development and Strategic Communication, University of Abuja. He writes on communication, society, culture, and the quiet experiences that shape everyday life.

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Opinion

From JAPA To Libya:Why Africa’s Youth Are Still Falling Into The Human Trafficking Trap

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By IFEANYICHUKWU PRECIOUS KANU

When news emerged in April 2025 that dozens of migrants had died while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea from Libya to Europe, the reactions were predictable. Social media erupted with outrage, international organisations renewed warnings about irregular migration, and governments promised to intensify efforts against human trafficking and migrant smuggling. Yet, after the headlines faded, the dangerous journeys continued.

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), more than 2,300 migrants died or went missing on Mediterranean migration routes in 2024, making it one of the world’s deadliest migration corridors. Thousands of these migrants originated from African countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal and Eritrea.

This raises an important question: Why do young Africans continue to risk everything despite knowing the dangers?

The answer goes beyond the activities of traffickers. It lies in the widening gap between the aspirations of Africa’s growing youth population and the economic realities they face at home.

In Nigeria, the phenomenon popularly known as “Japa” has evolved from a slang expression into a national conversation. What initially described the migration of highly skilled professionals has become a broader aspiration among students, graduates and young entrepreneurs seeking economic security abroad.

The numbers reflect this trend. Data from the estimates that over 16,000 Nigerian doctors have left the country in the last decade, while the reported issuing more than 15,000 verification certificates in 2023 alone to nurses seeking employment abroad. These figures illustrate a sustained migration of skilled professionals.

Economic conditions help explain this movement. High youth unemployment, persistent inflation, rising living costs and insecurity have made stable livelihoods increasingly difficult. Many graduates spend years searching for employment, while small businesses struggle with rising operating costs and unreliable infrastructure.

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At the same time, success stories from abroad dominate conversations. Families celebrate relatives who send money home from Canada, friends post milestones achieved in the United Kingdom, and classmates announce permanent residency in Germany. Such stories spread rapidly through social media, while accounts of exploitation, detention and death receive far less sustained attention.

This information imbalance creates fertile ground for traffickers.

Nigeria’s foremost anti-trafficking agency, the (NAPTIP), has documented numerous cases involving victims lured with false promises of employment, education and better living conditions overseas. Although states such as Edo have witnessed progress through stronger enforcement and awareness campaigns, trafficking networks have adapted by shifting recruitment to digital platforms. Fake recruitment agencies, fraudulent visa offers and carefully managed social media accounts now serve as powerful tools of deception.

The trafficker’s greatest weapon is not violence; it is hope. Victims often believe they are pursuing legitimate opportunities until they become trapped in systems of debt bondage, forced labour, sexual exploitation or extortion.

Libya remains the clearest example of this crisis. Since the collapse of state authority in 2011, the country has become a major transit point for migrants attempting to reach Europe through irregular routes. The United Nations, the International Organization for Migration, and Amnesty International have repeatedly documented abuses including arbitrary detention, torture, forced labour, sexual violence and ransom demands against migrants held by armed groups and criminal networks.

The persistence of this route demonstrates that awareness campaigns alone cannot solve the problem. Many migrants are already aware of the risks. Their decisions are shaped less by ignorance than by the belief that remaining at home offers even fewer opportunities.

For this reason, human trafficking should not be viewed solely as a criminal justice issue. Arresting traffickers and strengthening border controls remain essential, but they address only the symptoms of a much deeper problem.

Effective responses require governments to invest in labour-intensive sectors capable of creating sustainable employment, improve technical and vocational education, expand access to affordable financing for young entrepreneurs, strengthen social protection programmes and improve public confidence in governance. Equally important is expanding safe and legal migration pathways so that desperate young people are less vulnerable to traffickers who exploit irregular routes.

Ultimately, the continued movement of African youth through Libya is not merely a migration story; it is a reflection of unmet aspirations. People do not willingly cross deserts, endure detention camps and risk drowning because traffickers are persuasive. They do so because they believe that dignity, opportunity and security are more attainable elsewhere.

Until African governments create environments where young people can realistically build prosperous futures at home, trafficking networks will continue to exploit hope, and the route from West Africa through Libya to the Mediterranean will remain one of the continent’s most enduring humanitarian tragedies.

IFEANYICHUKWU PRECIOUS KANU
200 Level, Department of Development and Strategic Communication
Abuja, Nigeria

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Opinion

Nigeria’s CNG Transition: Practical Solution or Strategic Illusion?

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By Aminu Mubaraq

The recent increase in petrol prices following the removal of fuel subsidy has changed the way Nigerians think about transportation and energy consumption. In cities like Abuja and Lagos, where transportation costs have become a major concern for many citizens, the search for a cheaper and more sustainable alternative has become necessary. One solution that has gained public attention is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Considering Nigeria’s large natural gas reserves, the introduction of CNG appears to be a reasonable step. However, the major question remains whether the initiative is truly solving Nigeria’s energy challenges or whether it is an idea that still requires more preparation before Nigerians can fully benefit from it.

CNG agencies, especially the Presidential CNG Initiative, were created to encourage Nigerians to move away from complete dependence on petrol and diesel. Their responsibilities include promoting awareness, supporting vehicle conversion programmes, developing CNG infrastructure, and training technicians who can handle the conversion and maintenance of CNG-powered vehicles. These activities are important because the success of any energy transition does not depend only on introducing a new system but also on convincing people to trust and adopt it.

From a strategic communication perspective, the way these agencies communicate with the public is one of the most important factors determining the success of the programme. Many Nigerians are interested in cheaper fuel options because of the pressure caused by high transportation costs. However, some people still have concerns about safety, availability, and whether CNG will actually provide long-term benefits. This means that government agencies must go beyond announcements and create continuous communication channels where citizens can ask questions, receive accurate information, and understand the realistic advantages and limitations of CNG.

Another important area of CNG activities is partnership with different stakeholders. Government bodies, private investors, transport unions, and vehicle owners all have roles to play in making the transition successful. Expanding conversion centres and increasing access to refuelling stations require cooperation between these groups. Public awareness campaigns through traditional media, social media platforms, and community engagement can also help Nigerians understand how CNG works and why it is being promoted.

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Despite the potential benefits, the CNG transition still faces several challenges. The number of available refuelling stations remains limited compared to petrol stations, and the cost of
converting vehicles can be expensive for many Nigerians, especially commercial drivers who depend on their vehicles for daily income. There is also a need for more public education because some citizens still have doubts about the safety and reliability of using gas-powered vehicles. These challenges show that introducing CNG is not enough; proper planning and effective communication are required to make the initiative successful.

The possible impact of CNG adoption in Nigeria is significant. Economically, it can help reduce transportation expenses by providing a cheaper alternative to petrol. This could reduce the financial burden on commercial drivers, businesses, and commuters. Environmentally, CNG produces fewer harmful emissions compared to traditional fuels, making it a cleaner energy option. However, these benefits can only be achieved if the necessary infrastructure is developed and citizens have confidence in the system.

The importance of CNG agencies goes beyond providing another fuel source. The initiative represents an opportunity for Nigeria to take advantage of its natural resources, reduce dependence on imported petroleum products, and improve energy security. It can also create employment opportunities in areas such as vehicle conversion, gas distribution, equipment maintenance, and technical services. For strategic communication professionals, the CNG programme highlights the importance of public relations, transparency, and maintaining a strong relationship between government institutions and citizens.

Although CNG is not a perfect solution to Nigeria’s energy problems, it remains a valuable step towards achieving a more affordable and sustainable energy system. The programme should continue, but improvements are necessary. More investment in infrastructure, better public awareness, and clearer communication strategies will determine whether CNG becomes a practical solution or another government initiative that fails to reach ordinary Nigerians.

In conclusion, the success of Nigeria’s CNG transition depends on more than the availability of natural gas. It depends on effective planning, public trust, and the ability of relevant agencies to communicate their goals clearly. If properly managed, CNG can contribute significantly to reducing energy costs and improving Nigeria’s transportation system. However, without addressing current challenges, the initiative may struggle to achieve the impact it promises.

Aminu Mubaraq Asuku

Department of development and strategic communication
University of Abuja

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